Her Majestys Attorney-General for Jersey v Dennis Peter Holley †Law Essay

Her Majestys Attorney-General for Jersey v Dennis Peter Holley – Law Essay Free Online Research Papers Her Majesty’s Attorney-General for Jersey v Dennis Peter Holley Law Essay In Her Majesty’s Attorney-General for Jersey v Dennis Peter Holley [2005] UKPC 23 Lord Nicholls of Birkenhead said: â€Å"†¦their Lordships regretfully but firmly consider the majority view expressed in the Morgan-Smith case is erroneous.† Discuss. Holley and Morgan-Smith are just two of several recent cases which have presented to their respective courts with the partial defence to murder, provocation; a doctrine which it is suggested was never truly coherent, logical or consistent. It may be possible to trace the concept of provocation back to the 13th century where juries would consider cases involving a ‘provoked intentional killing in hot blood’ more leniently. However, this discussion will focus on the development of the defence as it has progressed from its statutory footing in the 1957 Homicide Act to the current day and the decision by the House of Lords in Holley. Reference will also be made to older cases following the emergence of the doctrine in 18th century common law and considerations will be made of proposals for reform. Murder is regarded as the most serious of crimes and is unique in that the sentence is fixed by law. In current times this sentence is life imprisonment but until the enactment of the Murder (Abolition of Death Penalty) Act in 1965 , the offence of murder was punishable by death. Still possible with some offences till 1957. It was owing to this mandatory sentence and the laws compassion to human infirmity that the common law partial defence of provocation came about. A successful defence of provocation may reduce the charge to manslaughter thereby allowing for mitigation of sentences. The common law defence is now governed by S3 of the Homicide Act 1957 (1957 Act) which states: ‘When on a charge of murder there is evidence on which the jury can find that the person charged was provoked (whether by things done or by things said or by both together) to lose his self-control, the question whether the provocation was enough to make a reasonable man do as he did shall be left to be determined by the jury; and in determining that question the jury shall take into account everything done and said according to the effect which, in their opinion it would have on a reasonable man’ The section distinguishes two questions, one subjective and one objective both to be answered in considering the defence: Was the defendant provoked into losing his self-control? Was the provocation sufficient to make a reasonable man act as the defendant did? The second (objective) question is the crux of this discussion but it is necessary to highlight the development of the subjective limb first. The defendant must have been provoked, it is not sufficient that he lost his self-control if there is no specific provocative act. In Acott(1997) D had killed his mother, evidence suggested that the attack was frenzied and D had lost his self-control, however the House of Lords held that this was not sufficient for a defence of provocation if there was no evidence of such an act. Having shown that there was a provocative act the subjective question requires that the jury consider ‘whether the provocation was grave enough to warrant a reduction of the crime from murder to manslaughter’ and unavoidably looks at the conduct of the deceased, made clear by Steyn.L in Acott that a jury cannot determine the objective limb without ‘evidence of the nature of the provocation’. This evidence must show that the provocative act was something done and/or said. Circumstances alone cannot amount to provocation, ‘A loss of self-control caused by fear, panic, sheer bad temper or circumstances (e.g. a slow down of traffic due to snow) would not be enough.’ The provocation need not be unlawful, for example; the planning officer exercising his official duties, a 3 week old baby, who was cried constantly, which it is assumed, albeit disparagingly was a ‘thing done’. It is questioned that if theoretically a dog barking can be as provocative as a baby crying, does the provocation need to stem from a human being? The common law as laid out in Duffy(1949) restricted the scope of the defence to acts done by the deceased to the defendant. The 1957 Act impliedly overruled this restriction in that the words or conduct amounting to provocation need not come directly from the deceased. It is also understood that the definition of S3 also enables the defence to be put forward in situations where the provocation was aimed at a third party. This is deemed significant by academics particularly in domestic abuse cases. Loss of self-control was defined by Devlin .J in what is described as a ‘classic direction’; common law required that D had a ‘sudden and temporary loss of self-control.’ S3 has not changed the ‘loss of self-control’ requirement nevertheless it has been at the root of several quandaries since 1957. It is not vital that the defendant has a complete loss of self-control, Taylor LCJ in Richens[1994] stated â€Å"It is not essential that he should not know what he is doing: all that is required is that he should not be able to control what he is doing.† indeed if D did not know what he was doing this would effectively negate the mens rea element of murder and subsequently D could not be found guilty. More here The subjective element attempts to differentiate between provoked killings which have an intrinsic ‘element of involuntariness’ and killings although provoked, have prompted ‘a desire for revenge’. This need to distinguish between the two has brought the ‘sudden and temporary’ aspect into focus. In Duffy Devlin.J explained this aspect in saying. [T]he further removed an incident is from the crime, the less it counts †¦ circumstances which induce a desire for revenge are inconsistent with provocation, since the conscious formulation of a desire for revenge means that a person has had time to think, to reflect, and that would negative a sudden, temporary loss of self-control which is of the essence of provocation Although not a statutory requirement that the courts follow this rule, on several occasions in cases subsequent to the 1957 Act it has been an fundamental part of the defence. In Ibrams(1982) where a planned attack had taken place several days after the provocation the court held there was no evidence of sudden and temporary loss of self control. It has however been argued that this rule is inappropriate and discriminatory in cases of domestic killings, where women who have been subject to systematic and long term abuse have a delayed ‘slow-burn’ reaction and their anger erupts when the fear of danger has subsided for instance, when their abuser is asleep . In Ahluwalia[1993] a case illustrating this point, the court held that the subjective element of the defence is not negated purely because of a delayed reaction, though emphasising that at the time of the killing there must have been a sudden and temporary loss of self-control caused by the alleged provocation. S ummarise As mentioned earlier, the second, objective question is the focus of this discussion. The question was introduced as a means of setting an objective standard against which D’s actions can be gauged. Whereas the subjective question is a matter of fact; was D provoked into losing control? The objective element is entirely a matter for the jury. The question requires the jury assess the ‘seriousness of the provocation †¦ whether the provocation was grave enough to warrant a reduction of the crime from murder to manslaughter.’ To answer the question in the affirmative the jury must be satisfied that the ‘reasonable man’ would have lost control and acted as D did. The reasonable man first made his appearance in criminal law in Welsh(1869) when Keeting J referred to provocation as â€Å"something which might naturally cause an ordinary and reasonably minded man to lose his self-control and commit such an act†. This ‘test’ has a particularly problematic to the courts, the issue arising being whether the reasonable man test when being considered by the jury should be attributed with any of D’s characteristics. Prior to the 1957 Act the courts took an entirely objective view in respect of the reasonable man, taking it upon themselves to instruct the jury on what characteristics the reasonable man may or may not be attributed. In Lesbini(1914) D was deemed mentally deficient and imbalanced yet the jury still had to consider what effect the provocation had on the ordinary man, and as shown by Smith(1915) the hypothetical ordinary man had to be ‘normal in body and mind’ . This objective approach continued throughout the 20th century. Bedder[1954] is one particularly crass example of this. Bedder was a man of 18 who had killed a prostitute after she had taunted him about his sexual impotence. The jury were instructed to disregard the impotence when applying the reasonable man test, effectively this meant the jury had to consider the effect of the victims taunts on a potent man. On appeal to the House of Lords this direction was upheld, Simmonds LCJ, supported their decision by stating that ‘If the reasonable man is then deprived in whole or in part of his reason or the normal man endowed with abnormal characteristics, the test ceases to have any value.’ The introduction of the 1957 Act brought about several changes to the law. The judge had no powers to withhold the defence from the jury even if he thought that there was n. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦fill in †¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. The 1957 Act made clear that provocation may be by a thing said, this expressly overruled the House of Lords’ decision in Holmes[1946] where it was held that except in the most extreme circumstances words could not amount to provocation. This change is significant when considering what characteristics can be attributed to the reasonable man. In The House of Lords in Camplin[1978] , using a racial slur as a prime example, Simon L. noted that ‘The effect of an insult will often depend entirely on a characteristic of the person to whom the insult is directed. Dirty nigger would probably mean little if said to a white man or even if said by one coloured man to another’ Although laid out in the 1957 Act it wasn’t until over twenty years later that The House of Lords in Camplin marked the turning point in the law and particularly the problems of instilling D’s characteristics on the reasonable man. The House were greatly influenced Camplin was a boy of 15 who killed V, a man who it was claimed buggered D against his will them laughed at him. 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A Beginners Guide to the Enlightenment

A Beginners Guide to the Enlightenment The Enlightenment has been defined in many different ways, but at its broadest was a philosophical, intellectual and cultural movement of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. It stressed reason, logic, criticism, and freedom of thought over dogma, blind faith, and superstition. Logic wasn’t a new invention, having been used by the ancient Greeks, but it was now included in a worldview which argued that empirical observation and the examination of human life could reveal the truth behind human society and self, as well as the universe. All were deemed to be rational and understandable. The Enlightenment held that there could be a science of man  and that the history of mankind was one of progress, which could be continued with the right thinking. Consequently, the Enlightenment also argued that human life and character could be improved through the use of education and reason. The mechanistic universe – that is to say, the universe when considered to be a functioning machine – could also be altered. The Enlightenment thus brought interested thinkers into direct conflict with the political and religious establishment; these thinkers have even been described as intellectual â€Å"terrorists† against the norm. They challenged religion with the scientific method, often instead favoring deism. The Enlightenment thinkers wanted to do more than understand, they wanted to change for, as they believed, the better: they thought reason and science would improve lives. When Was the Enlightenment? There is no definitive starting or ending point for the Enlightenment, which leads many works to simply say it was a seventeenth and eighteenth-century phenomena. Certainly, the key era was the second half of the seventeenth century and almost all of the eighteenth. When historians have given dates, the English Civil wars and revolutions are sometimes given as the start, as they influenced Thomas Hobbes and one of the Enlightenment’s (and indeed Europe’s) key political works, Leviathan. Hobbes felt that the old political system had contributed to the bloody civil wars and searched for a new one, based on the rationality of scientific inquiry. The end is usually given as either the death of Voltaire, one of the key Enlightenment figures, or the start of the French Revolution. This is often claimed to have marked the downfall of the Enlightenment, as attempts to rework Europe into a more logical and egalitarian system collapsed into bloodshed which killed leading writers. Its possible to say that we are still in the Enlightenment, as we still have many of the benefits of their development, but Ive also seen it said were in a post-Enlightenment age. These dates do not, in themselves, constitute a value judgment. Variations and Self-Consciousness One problem in defining the Enlightenment is that there was a great deal of divergence in the leading thinkers views, and it is important to recognize that they argued and debated with each other over the correct ways to think and proceed. Enlightenment views also varied geographically, with thinkers in different countries going in slightly different ways. For instance, the search for a â€Å"science of man† led some thinkers to search for the physiology of a body without a soul, while others searched for answers to how humanity thought. Still, others tried to map humanity’s development from a primitive state, and others still looked at the economics and politics behind social interaction. This might have led to some historians wishing to drop the label Enlightenment were it not for the fact that the Enlightenment thinkers actually called their era one of Enlightenment. The thinkers believed that they were intellectually better off than many of their peers, who were still in a superstitious darkness, and they wished to literally ‘lighten’ them and their views. Kant’s key essay of the era, â€Å"Was ist Aufklrung† literally means â€Å"What is Enlightenment?†, and was one of a number of responses to a journal which had been trying to pin down a definition. Variations in thought are still seen as part of the general movement. Who Was Enlightened? The spearhead of the Enlightenment was a body of well-connected writers and thinkers from across Europe and North America who became known as the philosophes, which is the French for philosophers. These leading thinkers formulated, spread and debated the Enlightenment in works including, arguably the dominant text of the period, the Encyclopà ©die. Where historians once believed that the philosophes were the sole carriers of Enlightenment thought, they now generally accept that they were merely the vocal tip of a much more widespread intellectual awakening among the middle and upper classes, turning them into a new social force. These were professionals such as lawyers and administrators, office holders, higher clergy and landed aristocracy, and it was these who read the many volumes of Enlightenment writing, including the Encyclopà ©die and soaked up their thinking. Origins of the Enlightenment The scientific revolution of the seventeenth century shattered old systems of thinking  and allowed new ones to emerge. The teachings of the church and Bible, as well as the works of classical antiquity so beloved of the Renaissance, were suddenly found lacking when dealing with scientific developments. It became both necessary and possible for philosophes (Enlightenment thinkers) to begin applying the new scientific methods - where empirical observation was first applied to the physical universe - to the study of humanity itself to create a â€Å"science of man†. There was not a total break, as the Enlightenment thinkers still owed a lot to Renaissance humanists, but they believed they were undergoing a radical change from past thought. Historian Roy Porter has argued that what in effect happened during the Enlightenment was that the overarching Christian myths were replaced by new scientific ones. There is a lot to be said for this conclusion, and an examination of how science is being used by commentators does seem to greatly support it, although thats a highly controversial conclusion. Politics and Religion In general, Enlightenment thinkers argued for freedom of thought, religion, and politics. The philosophes were largely critical of Europe’s absolutist rulers, especially of the French government, but there was little consistency: Voltaire, critic of the French crown, spent some time at the court of Frederick II of Prussia, while Diderot traveled to Russia to work with Catherine the Great; both left disillusioned. Rousseau has attracted criticism, especially since World War 2, for appearing to call for authoritarian rule. On the other hand, liberty was widely espoused by Enlightenment thinkers, who were also largely against nationalism and more in favor of international and cosmopolitan thinking. The philosophes were deeply critical, indeed even openly hostile, to the organized religions of Europe, especially the Catholic Church whose priests, pope, and practices came in for severe criticism. The philosophes were not, with perhaps some exceptions like Voltaire at the end of his life, atheists, for many still believed in a god behind the mechanisms of the universe, but they railed against the perceived excesses and constraints of a church they attacked for using magic and superstition. Few Enlightenment thinkers attacked personal piety and many believed religion performed useful services. Indeed some, like Rousseau, were deeply religious, and others, like Locke, worked out a new form of rational Christianity; others became deists. It was not religion which irked them, but the forms and corruption of those religions. Effects of the Enlightenment The Enlightenment affected many areas of human existence, including politics; perhaps the most famous examples of the latter are the US Declaration of Independence and the French Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen. Parts of the French Revolution are often attributed to the Enlightenment, either as recognition or as a way to attack the philosophes by pointing to violence such as the Terror as something they unwittingly unleashed. There is also debate about whether the Enlightenment actually transformed popular society to match it, or whether it was itself transformed by society. The Enlightenment era saw a general turn away from the dominance of the church and the supernatural, with a reduction in belief in the occult, literal interpretations of the Bible and the emergence of a largely secular public culture, and a secular â€Å"intelligentsia† able to challenge the previously dominant clergy. The Enlightenment of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries era was followed by that of a reaction, Romanticism, a turn back to the emotional instead of the rational, and a counter-Enlightenment. For a while, in the nineteenth century, it was common for the Enlightenment to be attacked as the liberal work of utopian fantasists, with critics pointing out there were plenty of good things about humanity not based on reason. Enlightenment thought was also attacked for not criticizing the emerging capitalist systems. There is now a growing trend to arguing that the results of the Enlightenment are still with us, in science, politics and increasingly in western views of religion, and that we are still in an Enlightenment, or heavily influenced post-Enlightenment, age. More on the effects of the Enlightenment. There has been a lean away from calling anything progress when it comes to history, but youll find the Enlightenment easily attracts people willing to call it a great step forward.

Aerobic exercise assignment Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Aerobic exercise assignment - Case Study Example Superman helps strengthening the lower back. One lies on the stomach with a rolled towel under the hips to support the back. Another folded towel may be used to support the forehead. Tighten the abdominal muscles (Daniel, 1982). Then raise the right arm off the floor holding it for three or 4 breaths. Lower it then raise the other arm. Repeat the same with the legs. Redo until both legs and hands feel fatigued. This involves lying on your stomach then raising yourself up so that you are resting on the forearms and knees. One should ensure that the head and neck are aligned with the back and place the shoulders above the elbows. Then tighten the abdomen muscles. To create resistance, press the elbows and knees toward one another, neither moving from their position on the floor. Hold in the same position for four breaths (Bandy, 1994). Repeat severally by returning to the start position until you feel fatigue. Segmental Rotation involves lying on your back with the knees bent and back in a neutral position while tightening abdominal muscles (Daniel, 1982). While your shoulders are kept on the floor, allow the knees to fall slowly to the left until you feel a stretch, hold for 4 breaths and then repeat the exercise on the right. Do it severally until you feel fatigue. One lies on the back with the knees bent, keeping the back in a neutral position. Do not arch or press into the floor. Similarly, avoid tilting the hips as you tighten abdominal muscles. Then align your hips with your knees and shoulders by raising your hips off the floor. Hold for 4 breaths then return to the start position and repeat until you feel fatigue (Daniel, 1982). Effective cool down gives the body time to recover. This should be done by gradually decreasing the intensity level of the aerobic exercises. For instance, reduce the pace of walking and the intensity of the above activities until the breathing rate and heart

History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 6

History - Essay Example a).When were these documents written? Who were the authors and who were the intended audience? The first document that is being explored in this study involves a documentary history of the United States which was written in the year 1952 by Richard. D. Heffner and was published by the New American Library London in the city of New York City. The intended audience for this document entails all the intelligent leaders including those people who may want to learn about the history of the United States. On the other hand, is document concerning the â€Å"Great Issue in American History† and was written in the year 1958 by Richard Hofstadter, the ,third edition for this document was later released in the year 1976. This document was published by Alfred.A.Knot.F.Inc and Random House, Inc. Whereby, the authors intended audiences are mostly the undergraduates’ student who may have interest to use this document and connect it with other sources for better understanding of the Am erican history. b). Why were the documents written -- what did each author want to accomplish by writing this document? What kind of a mindset did the author bring to his/her subject? The two documents were written to explain to the audience about the issues and events that were taking place during this period in that American History. Whereby, the author in the first document labeled as a â€Å"documentary history of the United States† wanted to accomplish the aims of providing insight to the audience social, political and economic pattern in the United States by combining varicose events that were taking place during this period. The author has discussed two issues namely. The veto powers of the bank and the liberty across the United States during this period. The author of the second document labeled as â€Å"Great Issue in American History† was aiming to provide an insight of the major controversies ranging from political social and economic controversies that were taking place America during this period. Therefore, based on the two documents, it can be observed that the authors wanted to place some mind sets to the audience that, during 1776 to 1861 the government had neglected the interest of its majority citizens by giving too much social and economic powers to the foreigners and the rich people. In addition, the authors had tried to indicate the cause of a long term developed conflict between the southern and northern regions (Richard, pp.296-300). c). what do the document reveal about what was happening in the society in which it was produced? What events were taking place to which the document refers, either directly or indirectly? The first document involves a â€Å"documentary history of the United States† by Richard .D. Heffner written in the year 1952.This source provides an insight of American social, political and economic events that were taking place from 1976 to1861.Whereby, argument made by various major actors such as; judges, private individual, legislative bodies to mention just but a few. The emphasis on this document has been placed on two major issues namely; Veto of the bank renewal bill of 1982 and the Liberty or Union. The writer has criticized the Veto power of the bank and the government because the ownership and stock purchases have been monopolized. Whereby, the congress posses all the powers to create 28 million stocks while at the same time incorporating the powers to sell those stocks. For example, almost half of the stocks have been

Introduction to Communication in Health Essay Example for Free

Introduction to Communication in Health Essay Outcome 1: Understand why communication is important in the work setting? †¢ People communicate to give and receive information i.e. Child A has eaten a piece of toast during snack time, as child A doesnt usually do this we informed the parents of the childs progress at the end of our preschool session. †¢ People also communicate to give and receive instructions e.g. Child A has a lactose intolerance and therefore can only have Soya milk at snack times ,It is therefore vital that all staff follow these instructions. †¢ People also communicate to express any needs that they have in our preschool setting we have all weather outdoor play time so it is essential that all children have a suitable outdoor coat hat, gloves and Wellington boots. 2. Explain how effective communication affects all aspects of own work? See more: how to start an essay †¢ Being able to communicate with all individuals within our preschool setting helps to build a good foundation and understanding between us. Giving information in a clear manner that is understood by the recipient to ensure that the information is received in the right way, also taking the time to listen to other peoples points of view and concerns, And ensuring that we meet any needs or concerns that these partys may have. †¢ For children this means always talking to them at there level giving good eye contact and re-assuring facial expressions and body language. Giving them enough time to listen and process things that you say or ask of them and giving adequate time for a response, whenever appropriate using  positive tones to your voice. †¢ For parents using all available communication methods, from face to face communication, to telephone conversations or writing in the childs home school book. Using first names where ever possible and listening to and respecting the views of the parent/carer. Always re-assuring a parent that our first priority will always be there child. †¢ For our colleagues always have conversations in appropriate places, Give eye contact and correct body language also listen and be respectful of other peoples point of views and opinions. †¢ In our preschool setting we have many bilingual children and as English isnt there first language we use many different techniques to ensure they can understand what we are saying or asking them to do. During our snack time we count in all the childrens first languages, Chinese and Malayalam and use both pictures and hand signs to help the Children understand. Child A was doing an animal puzzle and showed me a pig piece I said Thats a pig and made the noise oink, oink whilst making a snout with My hand at my nose. 3. Explain why it is important to observe an individuals reaction When communicating with them? †¢ It is important to watch how people react to see how they are feeling and whether they understand the conversation or instructions you are giving to them. You can see if a person is comfortable by there body language, facial, Expressions and tone of there voice. We must use these skills to read both adults and children alike. Also taking in to account that different expressions can have different meanings in other cultures.

Advertising Essays -- business Marketing Advertisisng Essays

Advertising Works Cited Missing "Advertising has developed and supported great industries, bulwarked-"or increased- "entire economies, and changed a sufficient number of human habits" (Wood 3). Like that paragraph says, advertising affects people in what they do and how they do it. It has affected the Kleenex company, the Nylon manufacturers and a company of a new type of car, the Tucker Corporation, from the 1940’s. Advertising has changed due to these people by their ways of making people notice their product. Preston Tucker advertised his new car early, and received many replies on what the car was about; the Nylon company advertised a day in which their product would start selling and the country ran out of stockings to sell; and the Kleenex company used advertising to decide which of two products they should sell. Advertising has different effects on consumers, it changes their perspective on what is, or is not, worth buying; what they buy, when they buy it and how much are bought. Advertising "symboliz es and concentrates in its image all that is considered good and bad in present day commercial and industrial capitalism in America." (Bensman 9). When advertisers plan their strategies for the sale of a certain product, they look at who would use the item. If the product was make-up, the type of person that would use it would most likely be a woman, around the age of thirteen and up. The advertisers would then find an ideal looking woman to model for ads to show the makeup on a person and try to get women to use it. The way that the advertisers describe the model will also get your attention; they might say that she is not really beautiful until she puts on the makeup, or something along those lines. Advertising is an effective method of public relations communication for several reasons. It is economical, making it possible to carry out a public relations message to a large number of readers at a relatively low cost per reader. It can be highly selective and concentrated on a particular segment of the public such as stockholders, suppliers, or opinion leaders. Intensive community coverage may be secured through the use of loc al newspapers, radio, or television advertising. Which will provide enough space to tell a complete story and inform and educate people. The advertiser can control the timing and space given a public relations message by buyin... ...sumer might think twice about the item; though, these days no one really cares who makes the product, just as long as it works. "Three functions of the communication process are to inform, influence, and convince the public. Advertising performs these same functions." (Emery, Ault, Agee 18). What people were looking for in the advertising agencies were the head up over the other products that were out in the market that was similar to what they were trying to sell, so they would see if they could change there product in some way to make it easier to sell. "...if such improvements would give one brand of beverage an advertising or marketing advantage over its competitors, that would be a change worth considering." (Petroski 207). In conclusion, the advertisements of today are far more different, with the computer technologies, it is becoming more and more expensive to get things advertised. Television and radio are more expensive these days. With the different variations of popular products people will just get the cheaper product. Getting your product on the market is not as important as getting it there the cheapest as possible, because people are just looking for bargains. Advertising Essays -- business Marketing Advertisisng Essays Advertising Works Cited Missing "Advertising has developed and supported great industries, bulwarked-"or increased- "entire economies, and changed a sufficient number of human habits" (Wood 3). Like that paragraph says, advertising affects people in what they do and how they do it. It has affected the Kleenex company, the Nylon manufacturers and a company of a new type of car, the Tucker Corporation, from the 1940’s. Advertising has changed due to these people by their ways of making people notice their product. Preston Tucker advertised his new car early, and received many replies on what the car was about; the Nylon company advertised a day in which their product would start selling and the country ran out of stockings to sell; and the Kleenex company used advertising to decide which of two products they should sell. Advertising has different effects on consumers, it changes their perspective on what is, or is not, worth buying; what they buy, when they buy it and how much are bought. Advertising "symboliz es and concentrates in its image all that is considered good and bad in present day commercial and industrial capitalism in America." (Bensman 9). When advertisers plan their strategies for the sale of a certain product, they look at who would use the item. If the product was make-up, the type of person that would use it would most likely be a woman, around the age of thirteen and up. The advertisers would then find an ideal looking woman to model for ads to show the makeup on a person and try to get women to use it. The way that the advertisers describe the model will also get your attention; they might say that she is not really beautiful until she puts on the makeup, or something along those lines. Advertising is an effective method of public relations communication for several reasons. It is economical, making it possible to carry out a public relations message to a large number of readers at a relatively low cost per reader. It can be highly selective and concentrated on a particular segment of the public such as stockholders, suppliers, or opinion leaders. Intensive community coverage may be secured through the use of loc al newspapers, radio, or television advertising. Which will provide enough space to tell a complete story and inform and educate people. The advertiser can control the timing and space given a public relations message by buyin... ...sumer might think twice about the item; though, these days no one really cares who makes the product, just as long as it works. "Three functions of the communication process are to inform, influence, and convince the public. Advertising performs these same functions." (Emery, Ault, Agee 18). What people were looking for in the advertising agencies were the head up over the other products that were out in the market that was similar to what they were trying to sell, so they would see if they could change there product in some way to make it easier to sell. "...if such improvements would give one brand of beverage an advertising or marketing advantage over its competitors, that would be a change worth considering." (Petroski 207). In conclusion, the advertisements of today are far more different, with the computer technologies, it is becoming more and more expensive to get things advertised. Television and radio are more expensive these days. With the different variations of popular products people will just get the cheaper product. Getting your product on the market is not as important as getting it there the cheapest as possible, because people are just looking for bargains.

Funds for the arts Essay

In a world that thrives on science, the neglect of the arts is somewhat uncommon. What is baffling though is that the arts could have societal contributions as well. Some would find it hard to agree especially when some of the people had been driven to think that the scientific breakthroughs would be sufficient enough for their existence. Governments would readily shed some funds for the scientific pursuits but were reluctant to shell out some for the arts. It is in my belief then that the artistic pursuit should be recognized as important. But if the government were to just shell out some funds for the arts that would reflect the majority of the people then this should be thought twice. The diversity in people would be reason enough for the government to rethink their position. This diversity would not help in pinpointing what the majority really wants. Besides, it was said that the government funding could lead the arts to become passive (Radbourn). If people were to focus more on the majority then the artistic input would not be an artistic input at all but an input for the government’s satisfaction. The government should fund the arts but they should not give out rigid demands that only the voice of the majority would be reflected. Funding the arts could have considerable outcomes. Arts could affect the educational system since it would help learning become more interesting, it could also preserve the culture, it could have economic benefits (arts plus industry), and many more (â€Å"Arts Funding†). The rigid demand for the majority then could not help portray other ideas that may become essential and/or helpful in the near future. It would seem that funding the arts with such rigid demand for reflecting only the majority of the people would mean that the hidden motives are for the profit that the art would bring. Most artists frown upon those who would use their creativity and label it art for the benefit of the fame and money that they will receive. In fact, it will only be an exhaustive task where its sincerity is highly questionable. Works Cited â€Å"Arts Funding†. 2002. August 22 2007. . Radbourn, Jennifer. â€Å"How Government Funding of the Arts Kills Leadership and Creativity†. August 22 2007. .

Noir of Chinatown Essay

Film noir is generally associated with a ‘dark’ type of film in the era following WWII. Film’s that are categorized in this genre are marked by a style that generally contains certain distinguishing elements – dark rooms with Venetian blinds, dark alleys, rain-slicked streets, dark offices and low key lighting. The plot usually deals with the dark aspects of humanity-greed, murder, deceit and paranoia. There are also distinguishing characters, the main character a detective or an investigator usually portrayed as a loner; a beautiful sensual femme-fatale who will use and eventually destroy the main character seducing him into crime. Although classic film noir generally is in reference to a style of film from the 40’s and 50’s, film noir form and style can be found in some contemporary films. One of those being Roman Polanski’s Chinatown. Although Chinatown breaks certain rules of film noir – it was filmed in 1974 and is in COLOR (black and white film is a traditional element of Film Noir) it models itself with formal elements of Film Noir genre including the sexy femme-fatale (with a twist), a protagonist main character seeking truth, and the plot laced with deceit, murder and greed. The film uses many shadows and dark and light contrasts. The low key soft lighting keeps the scenes dark and gloomy and projects the air of suspense. The viewer is told the story through the central character, Gittes, a hard-nosed detective in 1930’s LA, after he takes a case investigating adultery gets caught up in the middle of murder, lies and conspiracy- entangled into the dark side of humanity. When he meets the ‘real’ Evelyn, who comes across as mysterious, sensual and troubled, Gittes falls further into this web of corruption and complication as well as falling for Evelyn. The films keep the rhythm and pace slow seducing the viewer deep into the story. As in classic film noir Chinatown has a confrontational ending but with Chinatown there are surprising twists. We find the femme fatale has been a victim and is again a victim as she is shot. Gittes revelation that he has been wrong about Evelyn’s deceit also loses ending up with nothing. He loses the girl, and the crimes go unpunished. As the movie referenced

The Best Resources for Landing Your Retail Job

The Best Resources for Landing Your Retail Job If you’ve worked in retail before, you know that it’s not a job for the faint of heart. It can mean long hours of doing physical tasks, keeping a smile on your face when you’d rather be rolling your eyes, and- perhaps the most daunting piece of all- dealing with the public. If you haven’t worked in retail before, spoiler alert: it’s not going to be sunshine and roses every day. But if you have great customer service skills, need flexible hours, or want to gain experience as you work toward other goals, it can be a great fit for the short- or long-term. If you’re up to this challenge, we’ve got what you need to get started- or get to the next level. Step 1: Revamp Your ResumeIf you’re familiar with how we roll here at The Job Network, this one should not come as a surprise. A badass resume is the starting point for every job search in every field. Even if you’re referred for the job by someone you know, you still need to m ake a great first impression on anyone who hasn’t met you before, at a minimum. And your resume gives your friend some quick talking points that act as ammo when they’re advocating for you to get the gig. An updated resume is essential.How to Write a Perfect Retail Resume (Examples Included)How to Write a Perfect Cashier Resume (Examples Included)How to Write a Perfect Sales Associate Resume (Examples Included)How to Create a Perfect Retail ResumeThe Ultimate 6 Step Guide to Resume WritingResume Headlines to Use for Different Jobs6 Ways to Make ATS Work in Your FavorResume Format Guide: What Your Resume Should Look Like in 2017Top Resume Trends for 20176 Job Skills You Need to Be a Sales AssociateDownload Resume TemplatesIt’s best to revamp your resume before you even start thinking about applying for jobs. This can keep you from making easy mistakes due to rushing, and lets you get a good baseline resume that you can use to adapt easily for each job application or opportunity.Step 2: Target Your Job SearchIf you want to start with a general geographic area or any type of stores, then a general search can be a great first step. It’s important to know what you’re looking for, to help focus your job hunt. If you need a starting point, we have plenty of recommendations that can help you find the type of retail job that works best for you.10 Summer Jobs- and How to Get ThemBest Jobs in Retail- and How to Get ThemTop 5 Less Crowded Sites to Look For Retail Jobs10 of the Best Jobs in Retail NationwideA Comprehensive Guide to Getting Different Types of Retail Jobs7 Places to Look for Part-Time JobsStep 3: Get Ready for the InterviewIn the retail world, hiring can move fast, so to paraphrase Ferris Bueller, if you aren’t ready for it, it can pass you by. You can start prepping for interviews before you even have one on the books.5 Questions to Expect in a Retail InterviewThe Most Popular Macy’s Interview QuestionsHow to Survive Your Upcoming Panel InterviewHow to Look Like a Star in Any Job InterviewHow to Answer the â€Å"What’s Your Biggest Weakness?† Question10 Things You Should Not Say in an Interview7 Real Life Interview Mistakes You Can Learn FromImpress Your Interviewer in 5 Simple Steps to Get the JobStep 4: Think About Your Career GoalsA job in retail might be your calling, or it might be just one step along your long career path. Whatever the case may be, it’s important to think about how you can a) be prepared for this job, and b) make it work for your future.How to Move Up the Retail Career Ladder Without CollegeWhat You Need to Know to Succeed in the Retail Industry5 Great Career Paths You Can Take If You’re Working in RetailWhether it’s your dream job or your right-now job, getting a job in retail is a challenge to be faced with as much ammo as you have at your disposal. If you’re ready to get started in this field, good luck!

Macbeth, Internal Conflicts essays

Macbeth, Internal Conflicts essays Everyday people deal with conflicts with their peers. In the play Macbeth there are both examples of external and internal conflicts. Three main conflicts were when Lady Macbeth pressured Macbeth into murdering Duncan, after Macbeth murdered Duncan and also after he murdered Banquo. An external conflict in the play was when Macbeth had decided he no longer wished to murder Duncan as seen in Act I sc. 7 ln 35, We will proceed no further in this business, following this statement, Lady Macbeth became irritated with her husband and proceeded to attack his manhood by saying, ...wouldst thou have that which thou esteemst the ornament of life and live a coward in thine own esteem... (Act I sc. 7 lns 46-48). She then went on to say in lines 56-58, ...when you durst do it, then you were a man and to be more than what you were, you would be so much more the man.... The resolution of this conflict was Macbeth trying to prove his manhood to his wife and therefore killed Duncan. An internal conflict that raged within Macbeth occurred after he murdered Duncan. He was so distraught and guilt-stricken that he began to hear voices and felt he could not be forgiven. This scene takes place in Act II scene ii lines 51-52, Me thought I heard a voice cry Sleep no more! Macbeth does murder sleep the innocent sleep... and lines 40-44 one cried God bless us! and Amen! the other, as they had seen me with these hangmans hands, listning their fear. I could not say amen! When they did say God bless us! Another internal conflict within Macbeth occurred after he had Banquo murdered. This is shown in Act III scene iiii lines 116-120. Avaunt, and quit my sight! Let the earth hide thee! Thy bones are marrowless, thy blood is cold; thou hast no speculation in those eyes which thou dost glare with!...

Retail marketing of apple lnc Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 9000 words

Retail marketing of apple lnc - Dissertation Example †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 9 2.1. Company Profile †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦... 10 2.1.1. Market-Share Analysis †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 11 Chapter- 3 - LITERATURE REVIEW †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 13 3.1. Company-Owned retail marketing †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 13 3.1.1. Marketing mix and Company’s own retailing†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 14 3.2. Retail marketing / Own-store marketing strategy of Apple Inc†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 16 3.2.1. Rationale †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 17 3.2.2. What was pr edicted about Apple-stores? †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 18 3.2.3. Apple’s experience of unique success with Retail-mark†¦. 19 3.2.4. Apple’s retail-store design†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 21 3.2.5. Delivering Values to the customers †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦... 24 Chapter- 4 - THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 26 AND RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 4.1. Introduction †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 26 4.2. Explanatory Research†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 26 4.3. Research Process †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 27 4.3.1. Observation †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 27 4.3.2. Data Gathering †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 28 4.3.3. ... 30 5.2.1. Apple’s retail marketing for Customer-Focus†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 31 5.2.2. Apple’s retail marketing for Brand-loyalty †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 32 5.2.3. Apple’s Retail stores for relationship marketing†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 34 5.2.4. Retail marketing for Competitive advantages†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 34 5.3. Synthesis and Evaluation†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 35 5.4 . Five Forces Analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 37 5.5. Major findings of the research †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 38 Chapter- 6 - CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 41 6.1. Evaluative Conclusion †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢ € ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 41 6.2. Recommendation †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 42 6.3. Suggestion for future research †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 42 REFERENCES †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 43 Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION Apple Inc, established by Steve Jobs, Ronald Wayne and Steve Wozniak in early 1970s, has become one of the most influential and successful companies in today’s computer and mobile technology. Apple’s history goes back to one-off hobby machines that a very talented electronic wiz made for himself and that has become the core of the most successful companies of all times (O'Grady 2008, p. 1). Though its past 30 years of market ing strategies were full of highs and lows as normally anticipated of a highly technology and innovative company, Apple’s business and marketing success remained far positive despite the challenges it faced. It has been gradually growing to be a Fortune 500 and a multi-billionaire company being able to impact the social, cultural and economic spheres of

Information Systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 2

Information Systems - Essay Example In spite of maintaining a high performance on the business parameters, Comair was simply grounded for a full 3 days during the peak holiday season because it faced a highly damaging IT risk issue on December 24, 2004, when the company’s Information system for managing the scheduling of the crew and flights crashed. It is impossible for an airline to fly when its mission critical crew scheduling system fails. In case of Comair, this IT failure resulted in a loss of approx $20 million which was actually wiping out it previous quarter earning of $25.7 million. This report is a study in the Comair Information systems and highlights the gaps between the IT strategy and business strategy. The report also attempts to suggest an information system which can take care of the gaps between business and IT strategy so that such failures as mentioned above are prevented as much as possible as well as identifies the people, technology and organization issues which Comair must take into account before building a resilient information system. Comair information system was purchased from SBS international in the year 1986 after union and federal regulations forced Comair to meet higher standards in its management procedures. To comply with the regulations, Comair leased software from SBS International to track & schedule its flight crews. The system worked admirably and was a welcome relief for the staff who were managing the schedule using the pen & paper until then. As the business started growing, Comair felt a need to upgrade its information system as the existing system was written in FORTRAN for which there was no in-house expertise available. Moreover it was the only system using old IBM AIX platform compared to current HP UNIX. Following table lists down the milestones in Comair’s IT journey until Dec 24, 2004 against their business strategy. As can be clearly seen from the comparative