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Katherine Mansfield And Ernest Hemmingway Are Both Published

Katherine Mansfield and Ernest Hemmingway are both published writers. One was born in New Zealand and the other in the United States during the late 19th century. This paper will compare and contrast the setting, plot, imagery, climax, and theme between Mansfield’s â€Å"Miss Brill† and Hemmingway’s â€Å"Cat in the Rain.† The setting in â€Å"Miss Brill† takes place in a public garden in France. The story states the band plays in the Jardins Publiques (Public Gardens) in France (15). Miss Brill, the protagonist, is proceeding on a Sunday afternoon to the gardens where she will listen to a band. Mansfield tells us there were a number of other people out that afternoon, more than any other Sunday. The time of year appears to be autumn. Mansfield†¦show more content†¦She is a lady vicariously living through those around her. She makes observations of the patient Englishman and his nagging wife (15). Furthermore, she observes two young girls laughing and meeting up with two soldiers (15). Nearby resides a stiff man with a woman. The man indifference to the woman makes Miss Brill angry. She whispered over and over â€Å"The Brute! The Brute!† (16). She was also unimpressed by a beautiful woman that passed by. She dropped some violets, which a young boy picked up and gave b ack to her. However Miss Brill see’s the woman throw the flowers away. She exclaims, â€Å"Dear me!† (16). Miss Brill views the events as a play as if she is an actress. Each individual have their parts. Even the fur she wears around her head has a part in the play. Mansfield advises, â€Å"It was exactly like a play. Who could believe the sky at the back wasn’t painted?† (17). In contrast, the characters in the plot of â€Å"Cat in the Rain† are limited to the American couple, a cat, the padrone, and a maid. The American wife sees a cat from her window. Hemingway states, â€Å"A cat was crouched under one of the dripping green tables† (62). She desires to retrieve the cat against the indifference of her husband. The American wife states, â€Å"I’m going down and get that kitty† (62). George, her husband, half-heartedly offers to retrieve it for her. He was indifferent to the episode. Hemingway advises us that he went on reading and

Romeo And Juliet Comparison Essay Example For Students

Romeo And Juliet Comparison Essay Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare and Romeo and Juliet interpreted by Zeffirelli are two versions of a classic tale of two young lovers. In reading Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet and viewing Zeffirellis Romeo and Juliet one becomes aware of many differences between them. Although the basic storyline remains the same, the differences are obvious. These differences can be found in the setting, characters and their speeches, and the culmination of the story. These differences between the versions produce two entirely different interpretations of the story. Zeffirelli changed the story by changing important scene by use of omitting characters or switching the order of the events. For example in Act V, when the Prince gave his final speech, Friar Laurence was supposed to be present to give his own confession, but was left out by Zeffirellis version. This left the explanation of why the lovers were truly dead for the watchers to question. Shakespeare had Montague raise a statue in Juliets honor, signifying the end of their feud. Zeffirelli, on the other hand, chose only to show the two lords together making for a weaker end. The omission of characters from important scene was not the only change noted between the two. Zeffirelli also took poetic license in the creation of Romeo and Juliet. He gave his lines to characters when in Shakespeare they were spoken by another. This was shown during the party scene, Act I, scene V when Lord Capulet was to rebuke Tybalt and call him†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.saucy boy†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ The line was instead given to Lady Capulet. This exchange of lines between the characters does not always help in the understanding of the story. The use of adding lines to characters created different personalities and gave the characters greater insight than in Shakespeares version. It added in helping understand the characters motives more. Zeffirelli also had some positive differences than that of Shakespeare. Since the setting was in the same time period as Shakespeares rendition the reader could visualize the environment and dress of the era. This made the characters and story more life-like than trying to picture it from a written page. Zeffirelli also fleshed-out the characters, giving them more depth and emotion than in Romeo and Juliet. This is shown when the nurse goes to Juliet and finds her dead. She runs out of Juliets chamber screaming and flailing her arms in a frenzy. The audience was able to interact with the characters and their emotions by seeing Romeo and Juliet visually, also making the language more understandable. An example of this is when Romeo kills himself and Juliet sees him, hears guards, and you are able to see Juliet frantic. As a result of this, the scene is made more complete, causing the audience to experience greater tension than reading the play. Even though Zeffirelli gave more definition to some characters, Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet was more enjoyable. Although he did not give as much information as to what was happening, he allowed the reader more freedom to interpret the situations on their own. Without the reader having readShakespeares Romeo and Juliet most of the symbolism in Zeffirellis version would not have been understood. The two different authors used a variety of techniques to change the story or to have the audience understand the siuations. Though they may seem different at times, the storyline never changes, it always remains about two young lovers who tragically die as a result of snap-decisions.

The Ethics of Eliminating the Federal Debt through Cuts to Entitlement Programs

The task of every government is to protect human rights and Primary Social Goods, such as â€Å"income, wealth, rights, liberties, opportunities, status, and self-respect† (Shaw Barry 2011). The issue of business ethics is a primary point that should be taken into consideration when it comes about the economy of the country, reforms that can influence the welfare of citizens and national budget.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Ethics of Eliminating the Federal Debt through Cuts to Entitlement Programs specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The positions of justice, economic distribution, equality of income, etc are to be considered when a particular political decision comes to action. In this paper we are going to analyze the business ethics of eliminating the federal debt through cuts to entitlement programs that are under close consideration these days. There are many opponents and supporters to the Obama’s project to push cuts in popular programs in order to reduce the budget deficit. The question to be discussed is how this program can influence citizens and what the ethical issues of this project. In order to explore this question, first of all, we should consider the sense of business ethics, its basic points and how it is applicable to political issues. According to William H. Shaw (2003), â€Å"business ethics is a set of principle or reasons which should govern the conduct of business, whether at the individual or collective level† (p. 2). The purpose of the business ethics is to introduce the moral issues and a set of values to guide the actions of individual and organizations in the business environment. Everyone who is engaged in business or politics should follow the ethical code to reach the harmony with the community in which one lives. Some aspects of the business ethics can be explained from the political perspective. â€Å"Politics represents the commitment to different basic values and will represent liberal and conservative extremes or some compromise in-between† (Betz 1998, p. 693). It is very important for politicians to follow the ethical code, as they are responsible for lives and well-being of many people. The case under consideration undermines such issues of business ethics, as justice, morality, distribution of social benefits and burdens. Thus, the case under consideration is presented in the article by Lisa Lerer â€Å"Ryan Budget Plan Defended as Republicans Return Home to Voters†.Advertising Looking for research paper on political culture? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The case is about the 2012 budget plan â€Å"a proposal that cuts more than $6 trillion in federal spending over 10 years, privatizes Medicare and caps Medicaid† (Lerer 2011, n. p.). The budget plan was met with a criticism and provoked many debates. The â€Å"fig hts† around address the political risk opposing Republicans. The spotlight of the plan is â€Å"long-term government deficits that will shape the country’s economic future and frame next year’s elections† (Lerer 2011, n. p.). One of the issues is to reform the Medicare which suggests the cuts in entitlements. This can influence the vulnerable members of society. The attempts to trim the budget deficit can have negative consequences for people and lower the standards of living. However, first-term Republican Representative of Pennsylvania Lou Barletta commented on this decision, â€Å"This is a defining moment for this generation, that this Congress has the courage to go forward and reform a very difficult issue such as Medicare.  We’re doing it even at risk of our own political future† (Lerer 2011, n. p.). The plan provided by House Budget Committee Chairman Paul Ryan suggests to:  slash U.S. spending by $6.2 trillion over a decade by cut ting Medicare and scores of other programs including Medicaid, food stamps, farm subsidies and Pell college tuition grants. His plan would replace Medicare by providing those under the age of 55 with subsidies to buy private health insurance (Lerer 2011, n. p.) This plan was taken by Democrats as a headstone of the Republican’s 2012 strategy. They claim that this plan will impact the senior citizens of the United States depriving them of the Medicare benefits. The debates around the program continue to develop. The outcomes of this plan are crucial for U.S citizens, as well as for the political parties, as they will influence the results of the 2012 elections. It seems that the core idea of this article to shed light on the impact of the 2012 budget plan, but the debate that we can observe in this case raise more important questions, the questions of business ethics. In particular, the responsibilities of government before American citizens, moral issue, justice and social go ods.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Ethics of Eliminating the Federal Debt through Cuts to Entitlement Programs specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In this regard, the case reflects the points raised in the Shaw and Barry book Moral Issues in Business. The first issue that seems to be explicitly discussed in the article is justice. According to Shaw Barry (2001), â€Å"justice is one important aspect of morality. Talk of justice and injustice generally involves appeals to the related notions of fairness, equality, desert, and rights† (p. 122). Thus, in the article we can see that Democrats emphasize that the plan will be vulnerable to citizens as it will impact their interests and benefits they get. Thus, we can assume that the plan suggested by Republicans confronts the idea of the distributive Justice that suggests â€Å"proper distribution of social benefits and burdens† (Shaw Barry 2001, p. 104). In fact, the plan can really seem to be provocative and disadvantageous for senior citizens, however, one should look at it with â€Å"open mind† and consider that it is not aimed at impacting people, but enhancing the economic situation in the country, thus the results of this plan will improve the situation in future. It is crucial that â€Å"economic distribution might be based on pure equality, need, effort, social contribution, or merit† (Shaw Barry 2001, p. 122), and plan seems not demonstrating these traits (which is the main argument of Democrats) and Republicans understand this. In addition, they understand that they are putting at risk their political future, but they do not see other way to enhance the situation. What they should do is to provide convincing evidences that their plan will be beneficial for all Americans and that their final goal is to improve the economy of the country so that everybody was satisfied with policies and standar ds of living because as stated in the book by Shaw Barry (2011), â€Å"Mill contended, more specifically, that the concept of justice identifies certain rules or rights the upholding of which is crucial for promoting well-being and that injustice always involves violating the rights of some identifiable individual† (p. 122).Advertising Looking for research paper on political culture? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Thus, it can be very difficult to achieve â€Å"common benefits† without some â€Å"sacrifices†. Another ethical issue that can be discussed in this case deals with the relations between parties. Though both of them debate about the plan, the situation reminds the struggle for the political dominance. They often mention the elections of the 2012, and it seems that they use the plan as tool to protect their political positions and attack a contestant. In this light, they are focused on their personal interests, and not on the interests of citizens, thus, they do not follow the principles of the business ethics. What they might do is to stop fighting and focus on common aim: to improve the plan so that it was effective and met economic interests, as well as interests of Americans. Shaw Barry (2011) provide that â€Å"society is a cooperative project for mutual benefit and that justice requires us to reduce the social and economic consequences of arbitrary natural diffe rences among people† (p. 123). The main task of the government it to remember this statement and make it serve a guide for their actions and decisions. In the case provided in the article, we can see that political parties do not follow this rule and forget that â€Å"each person is to have an equal right to the most extensive scheme of equal basic liberties compatible with a similar scheme of liberties for others† (Shaw Barry 2011, p. 118).   Moreover, they seem to protect their personal interests in their debates and not the interests of the nation. Thus, on the one hand, the case illustrates the points stated in chapter 3 of the book by Shaw Barry about business ethics, on the other hand, it demonstrates how the principles of the business ethics are violated by political parties. We should emphasize that business ethics is crucial for politicians and they should always remember about it, otherwise they may lose trust and respect of people. Reference List Betz, J. (1998). Business Ethics and Politics. Business Ethics Quarterly, 8 (4) (Oct., 1998), 693-702. Web. Lerer, L. (2011). Ryan Budget Plan Defended as Republicans Return Home to Voters. Bloomberg Businessweek. Web. Shaw, W. H. (2003). Ethics at Work: Basic Readings in Business Ethics. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Shaw, W. H., Barry, V. E. (2001). Moral Issues in Business. Belmont: Wadsworth. This research paper on The Ethics of Eliminating the Federal Debt through Cuts to Entitlement Programs was written and submitted by user Dexter N. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Her Majestys Attorney-General for Jersey v Dennis Peter Holley †Law Essay

Her Majestys Attorney-General for Jersey v Dennis Peter Holley – Law Essay Free Online Research Papers Her Majesty’s Attorney-General for Jersey v Dennis Peter Holley Law Essay In Her Majesty’s Attorney-General for Jersey v Dennis Peter Holley [2005] UKPC 23 Lord Nicholls of Birkenhead said: â€Å"†¦their Lordships regretfully but firmly consider the majority view expressed in the Morgan-Smith case is erroneous.† Discuss. Holley and Morgan-Smith are just two of several recent cases which have presented to their respective courts with the partial defence to murder, provocation; a doctrine which it is suggested was never truly coherent, logical or consistent. It may be possible to trace the concept of provocation back to the 13th century where juries would consider cases involving a ‘provoked intentional killing in hot blood’ more leniently. However, this discussion will focus on the development of the defence as it has progressed from its statutory footing in the 1957 Homicide Act to the current day and the decision by the House of Lords in Holley. Reference will also be made to older cases following the emergence of the doctrine in 18th century common law and considerations will be made of proposals for reform. Murder is regarded as the most serious of crimes and is unique in that the sentence is fixed by law. In current times this sentence is life imprisonment but until the enactment of the Murder (Abolition of Death Penalty) Act in 1965 , the offence of murder was punishable by death. Still possible with some offences till 1957. It was owing to this mandatory sentence and the laws compassion to human infirmity that the common law partial defence of provocation came about. A successful defence of provocation may reduce the charge to manslaughter thereby allowing for mitigation of sentences. The common law defence is now governed by S3 of the Homicide Act 1957 (1957 Act) which states: ‘When on a charge of murder there is evidence on which the jury can find that the person charged was provoked (whether by things done or by things said or by both together) to lose his self-control, the question whether the provocation was enough to make a reasonable man do as he did shall be left to be determined by the jury; and in determining that question the jury shall take into account everything done and said according to the effect which, in their opinion it would have on a reasonable man’ The section distinguishes two questions, one subjective and one objective both to be answered in considering the defence: Was the defendant provoked into losing his self-control? Was the provocation sufficient to make a reasonable man act as the defendant did? The second (objective) question is the crux of this discussion but it is necessary to highlight the development of the subjective limb first. The defendant must have been provoked, it is not sufficient that he lost his self-control if there is no specific provocative act. In Acott(1997) D had killed his mother, evidence suggested that the attack was frenzied and D had lost his self-control, however the House of Lords held that this was not sufficient for a defence of provocation if there was no evidence of such an act. Having shown that there was a provocative act the subjective question requires that the jury consider ‘whether the provocation was grave enough to warrant a reduction of the crime from murder to manslaughter’ and unavoidably looks at the conduct of the deceased, made clear by Steyn.L in Acott that a jury cannot determine the objective limb without ‘evidence of the nature of the provocation’. This evidence must show that the provocative act was something done and/or said. Circumstances alone cannot amount to provocation, ‘A loss of self-control caused by fear, panic, sheer bad temper or circumstances (e.g. a slow down of traffic due to snow) would not be enough.’ The provocation need not be unlawful, for example; the planning officer exercising his official duties, a 3 week old baby, who was cried constantly, which it is assumed, albeit disparagingly was a ‘thing done’. It is questioned that if theoretically a dog barking can be as provocative as a baby crying, does the provocation need to stem from a human being? The common law as laid out in Duffy(1949) restricted the scope of the defence to acts done by the deceased to the defendant. The 1957 Act impliedly overruled this restriction in that the words or conduct amounting to provocation need not come directly from the deceased. It is also understood that the definition of S3 also enables the defence to be put forward in situations where the provocation was aimed at a third party. This is deemed significant by academics particularly in domestic abuse cases. Loss of self-control was defined by Devlin .J in what is described as a ‘classic direction’; common law required that D had a ‘sudden and temporary loss of self-control.’ S3 has not changed the ‘loss of self-control’ requirement nevertheless it has been at the root of several quandaries since 1957. It is not vital that the defendant has a complete loss of self-control, Taylor LCJ in Richens[1994] stated â€Å"It is not essential that he should not know what he is doing: all that is required is that he should not be able to control what he is doing.† indeed if D did not know what he was doing this would effectively negate the mens rea element of murder and subsequently D could not be found guilty. More here The subjective element attempts to differentiate between provoked killings which have an intrinsic ‘element of involuntariness’ and killings although provoked, have prompted ‘a desire for revenge’. This need to distinguish between the two has brought the ‘sudden and temporary’ aspect into focus. In Duffy Devlin.J explained this aspect in saying. [T]he further removed an incident is from the crime, the less it counts †¦ circumstances which induce a desire for revenge are inconsistent with provocation, since the conscious formulation of a desire for revenge means that a person has had time to think, to reflect, and that would negative a sudden, temporary loss of self-control which is of the essence of provocation Although not a statutory requirement that the courts follow this rule, on several occasions in cases subsequent to the 1957 Act it has been an fundamental part of the defence. In Ibrams(1982) where a planned attack had taken place several days after the provocation the court held there was no evidence of sudden and temporary loss of self control. It has however been argued that this rule is inappropriate and discriminatory in cases of domestic killings, where women who have been subject to systematic and long term abuse have a delayed ‘slow-burn’ reaction and their anger erupts when the fear of danger has subsided for instance, when their abuser is asleep . In Ahluwalia[1993] a case illustrating this point, the court held that the subjective element of the defence is not negated purely because of a delayed reaction, though emphasising that at the time of the killing there must have been a sudden and temporary loss of self-control caused by the alleged provocation. S ummarise As mentioned earlier, the second, objective question is the focus of this discussion. The question was introduced as a means of setting an objective standard against which D’s actions can be gauged. Whereas the subjective question is a matter of fact; was D provoked into losing control? The objective element is entirely a matter for the jury. The question requires the jury assess the ‘seriousness of the provocation †¦ whether the provocation was grave enough to warrant a reduction of the crime from murder to manslaughter.’ To answer the question in the affirmative the jury must be satisfied that the ‘reasonable man’ would have lost control and acted as D did. The reasonable man first made his appearance in criminal law in Welsh(1869) when Keeting J referred to provocation as â€Å"something which might naturally cause an ordinary and reasonably minded man to lose his self-control and commit such an act†. This ‘test’ has a particularly problematic to the courts, the issue arising being whether the reasonable man test when being considered by the jury should be attributed with any of D’s characteristics. Prior to the 1957 Act the courts took an entirely objective view in respect of the reasonable man, taking it upon themselves to instruct the jury on what characteristics the reasonable man may or may not be attributed. In Lesbini(1914) D was deemed mentally deficient and imbalanced yet the jury still had to consider what effect the provocation had on the ordinary man, and as shown by Smith(1915) the hypothetical ordinary man had to be ‘normal in body and mind’ . This objective approach continued throughout the 20th century. Bedder[1954] is one particularly crass example of this. Bedder was a man of 18 who had killed a prostitute after she had taunted him about his sexual impotence. The jury were instructed to disregard the impotence when applying the reasonable man test, effectively this meant the jury had to consider the effect of the victims taunts on a potent man. On appeal to the House of Lords this direction was upheld, Simmonds LCJ, supported their decision by stating that ‘If the reasonable man is then deprived in whole or in part of his reason or the normal man endowed with abnormal characteristics, the test ceases to have any value.’ The introduction of the 1957 Act brought about several changes to the law. The judge had no powers to withhold the defence from the jury even if he thought that there was n. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦fill in †¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. The 1957 Act made clear that provocation may be by a thing said, this expressly overruled the House of Lords’ decision in Holmes[1946] where it was held that except in the most extreme circumstances words could not amount to provocation. This change is significant when considering what characteristics can be attributed to the reasonable man. In The House of Lords in Camplin[1978] , using a racial slur as a prime example, Simon L. noted that ‘The effect of an insult will often depend entirely on a characteristic of the person to whom the insult is directed. Dirty nigger would probably mean little if said to a white man or even if said by one coloured man to another’ Although laid out in the 1957 Act it wasn’t until over twenty years later that The House of Lords in Camplin marked the turning point in the law and particularly the problems of instilling D’s characteristics on the reasonable man. The House were greatly influenced Camplin was a boy of 15 who killed V, a man who it was claimed buggered D against his will them laughed at him. 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A Beginners Guide to the Enlightenment

A Beginners Guide to the Enlightenment The Enlightenment has been defined in many different ways, but at its broadest was a philosophical, intellectual and cultural movement of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. It stressed reason, logic, criticism, and freedom of thought over dogma, blind faith, and superstition. Logic wasn’t a new invention, having been used by the ancient Greeks, but it was now included in a worldview which argued that empirical observation and the examination of human life could reveal the truth behind human society and self, as well as the universe. All were deemed to be rational and understandable. The Enlightenment held that there could be a science of man  and that the history of mankind was one of progress, which could be continued with the right thinking. Consequently, the Enlightenment also argued that human life and character could be improved through the use of education and reason. The mechanistic universe – that is to say, the universe when considered to be a functioning machine – could also be altered. The Enlightenment thus brought interested thinkers into direct conflict with the political and religious establishment; these thinkers have even been described as intellectual â€Å"terrorists† against the norm. They challenged religion with the scientific method, often instead favoring deism. The Enlightenment thinkers wanted to do more than understand, they wanted to change for, as they believed, the better: they thought reason and science would improve lives. When Was the Enlightenment? There is no definitive starting or ending point for the Enlightenment, which leads many works to simply say it was a seventeenth and eighteenth-century phenomena. Certainly, the key era was the second half of the seventeenth century and almost all of the eighteenth. When historians have given dates, the English Civil wars and revolutions are sometimes given as the start, as they influenced Thomas Hobbes and one of the Enlightenment’s (and indeed Europe’s) key political works, Leviathan. Hobbes felt that the old political system had contributed to the bloody civil wars and searched for a new one, based on the rationality of scientific inquiry. The end is usually given as either the death of Voltaire, one of the key Enlightenment figures, or the start of the French Revolution. This is often claimed to have marked the downfall of the Enlightenment, as attempts to rework Europe into a more logical and egalitarian system collapsed into bloodshed which killed leading writers. Its possible to say that we are still in the Enlightenment, as we still have many of the benefits of their development, but Ive also seen it said were in a post-Enlightenment age. These dates do not, in themselves, constitute a value judgment. Variations and Self-Consciousness One problem in defining the Enlightenment is that there was a great deal of divergence in the leading thinkers views, and it is important to recognize that they argued and debated with each other over the correct ways to think and proceed. Enlightenment views also varied geographically, with thinkers in different countries going in slightly different ways. For instance, the search for a â€Å"science of man† led some thinkers to search for the physiology of a body without a soul, while others searched for answers to how humanity thought. Still, others tried to map humanity’s development from a primitive state, and others still looked at the economics and politics behind social interaction. This might have led to some historians wishing to drop the label Enlightenment were it not for the fact that the Enlightenment thinkers actually called their era one of Enlightenment. The thinkers believed that they were intellectually better off than many of their peers, who were still in a superstitious darkness, and they wished to literally ‘lighten’ them and their views. Kant’s key essay of the era, â€Å"Was ist Aufklrung† literally means â€Å"What is Enlightenment?†, and was one of a number of responses to a journal which had been trying to pin down a definition. Variations in thought are still seen as part of the general movement. Who Was Enlightened? The spearhead of the Enlightenment was a body of well-connected writers and thinkers from across Europe and North America who became known as the philosophes, which is the French for philosophers. These leading thinkers formulated, spread and debated the Enlightenment in works including, arguably the dominant text of the period, the Encyclopà ©die. Where historians once believed that the philosophes were the sole carriers of Enlightenment thought, they now generally accept that they were merely the vocal tip of a much more widespread intellectual awakening among the middle and upper classes, turning them into a new social force. These were professionals such as lawyers and administrators, office holders, higher clergy and landed aristocracy, and it was these who read the many volumes of Enlightenment writing, including the Encyclopà ©die and soaked up their thinking. Origins of the Enlightenment The scientific revolution of the seventeenth century shattered old systems of thinking  and allowed new ones to emerge. The teachings of the church and Bible, as well as the works of classical antiquity so beloved of the Renaissance, were suddenly found lacking when dealing with scientific developments. It became both necessary and possible for philosophes (Enlightenment thinkers) to begin applying the new scientific methods - where empirical observation was first applied to the physical universe - to the study of humanity itself to create a â€Å"science of man†. There was not a total break, as the Enlightenment thinkers still owed a lot to Renaissance humanists, but they believed they were undergoing a radical change from past thought. Historian Roy Porter has argued that what in effect happened during the Enlightenment was that the overarching Christian myths were replaced by new scientific ones. There is a lot to be said for this conclusion, and an examination of how science is being used by commentators does seem to greatly support it, although thats a highly controversial conclusion. Politics and Religion In general, Enlightenment thinkers argued for freedom of thought, religion, and politics. The philosophes were largely critical of Europe’s absolutist rulers, especially of the French government, but there was little consistency: Voltaire, critic of the French crown, spent some time at the court of Frederick II of Prussia, while Diderot traveled to Russia to work with Catherine the Great; both left disillusioned. Rousseau has attracted criticism, especially since World War 2, for appearing to call for authoritarian rule. On the other hand, liberty was widely espoused by Enlightenment thinkers, who were also largely against nationalism and more in favor of international and cosmopolitan thinking. The philosophes were deeply critical, indeed even openly hostile, to the organized religions of Europe, especially the Catholic Church whose priests, pope, and practices came in for severe criticism. The philosophes were not, with perhaps some exceptions like Voltaire at the end of his life, atheists, for many still believed in a god behind the mechanisms of the universe, but they railed against the perceived excesses and constraints of a church they attacked for using magic and superstition. Few Enlightenment thinkers attacked personal piety and many believed religion performed useful services. Indeed some, like Rousseau, were deeply religious, and others, like Locke, worked out a new form of rational Christianity; others became deists. It was not religion which irked them, but the forms and corruption of those religions. Effects of the Enlightenment The Enlightenment affected many areas of human existence, including politics; perhaps the most famous examples of the latter are the US Declaration of Independence and the French Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen. Parts of the French Revolution are often attributed to the Enlightenment, either as recognition or as a way to attack the philosophes by pointing to violence such as the Terror as something they unwittingly unleashed. There is also debate about whether the Enlightenment actually transformed popular society to match it, or whether it was itself transformed by society. The Enlightenment era saw a general turn away from the dominance of the church and the supernatural, with a reduction in belief in the occult, literal interpretations of the Bible and the emergence of a largely secular public culture, and a secular â€Å"intelligentsia† able to challenge the previously dominant clergy. The Enlightenment of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries era was followed by that of a reaction, Romanticism, a turn back to the emotional instead of the rational, and a counter-Enlightenment. For a while, in the nineteenth century, it was common for the Enlightenment to be attacked as the liberal work of utopian fantasists, with critics pointing out there were plenty of good things about humanity not based on reason. Enlightenment thought was also attacked for not criticizing the emerging capitalist systems. There is now a growing trend to arguing that the results of the Enlightenment are still with us, in science, politics and increasingly in western views of religion, and that we are still in an Enlightenment, or heavily influenced post-Enlightenment, age. More on the effects of the Enlightenment. There has been a lean away from calling anything progress when it comes to history, but youll find the Enlightenment easily attracts people willing to call it a great step forward.

Aerobic exercise assignment Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Aerobic exercise assignment - Case Study Example Superman helps strengthening the lower back. One lies on the stomach with a rolled towel under the hips to support the back. Another folded towel may be used to support the forehead. Tighten the abdominal muscles (Daniel, 1982). Then raise the right arm off the floor holding it for three or 4 breaths. Lower it then raise the other arm. Repeat the same with the legs. Redo until both legs and hands feel fatigued. This involves lying on your stomach then raising yourself up so that you are resting on the forearms and knees. One should ensure that the head and neck are aligned with the back and place the shoulders above the elbows. Then tighten the abdomen muscles. To create resistance, press the elbows and knees toward one another, neither moving from their position on the floor. Hold in the same position for four breaths (Bandy, 1994). Repeat severally by returning to the start position until you feel fatigue. Segmental Rotation involves lying on your back with the knees bent and back in a neutral position while tightening abdominal muscles (Daniel, 1982). While your shoulders are kept on the floor, allow the knees to fall slowly to the left until you feel a stretch, hold for 4 breaths and then repeat the exercise on the right. Do it severally until you feel fatigue. One lies on the back with the knees bent, keeping the back in a neutral position. Do not arch or press into the floor. Similarly, avoid tilting the hips as you tighten abdominal muscles. Then align your hips with your knees and shoulders by raising your hips off the floor. Hold for 4 breaths then return to the start position and repeat until you feel fatigue (Daniel, 1982). Effective cool down gives the body time to recover. This should be done by gradually decreasing the intensity level of the aerobic exercises. For instance, reduce the pace of walking and the intensity of the above activities until the breathing rate and heart

History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 6

History - Essay Example a).When were these documents written? Who were the authors and who were the intended audience? The first document that is being explored in this study involves a documentary history of the United States which was written in the year 1952 by Richard. D. Heffner and was published by the New American Library London in the city of New York City. The intended audience for this document entails all the intelligent leaders including those people who may want to learn about the history of the United States. On the other hand, is document concerning the â€Å"Great Issue in American History† and was written in the year 1958 by Richard Hofstadter, the ,third edition for this document was later released in the year 1976. This document was published by Alfred.A.Knot.F.Inc and Random House, Inc. Whereby, the authors intended audiences are mostly the undergraduates’ student who may have interest to use this document and connect it with other sources for better understanding of the Am erican history. b). Why were the documents written -- what did each author want to accomplish by writing this document? What kind of a mindset did the author bring to his/her subject? The two documents were written to explain to the audience about the issues and events that were taking place during this period in that American History. Whereby, the author in the first document labeled as a â€Å"documentary history of the United States† wanted to accomplish the aims of providing insight to the audience social, political and economic pattern in the United States by combining varicose events that were taking place during this period. The author has discussed two issues namely. The veto powers of the bank and the liberty across the United States during this period. The author of the second document labeled as â€Å"Great Issue in American History† was aiming to provide an insight of the major controversies ranging from political social and economic controversies that were taking place America during this period. Therefore, based on the two documents, it can be observed that the authors wanted to place some mind sets to the audience that, during 1776 to 1861 the government had neglected the interest of its majority citizens by giving too much social and economic powers to the foreigners and the rich people. In addition, the authors had tried to indicate the cause of a long term developed conflict between the southern and northern regions (Richard, pp.296-300). c). what do the document reveal about what was happening in the society in which it was produced? What events were taking place to which the document refers, either directly or indirectly? The first document involves a â€Å"documentary history of the United States† by Richard .D. Heffner written in the year 1952.This source provides an insight of American social, political and economic events that were taking place from 1976 to1861.Whereby, argument made by various major actors such as; judges, private individual, legislative bodies to mention just but a few. The emphasis on this document has been placed on two major issues namely; Veto of the bank renewal bill of 1982 and the Liberty or Union. The writer has criticized the Veto power of the bank and the government because the ownership and stock purchases have been monopolized. Whereby, the congress posses all the powers to create 28 million stocks while at the same time incorporating the powers to sell those stocks. For example, almost half of the stocks have been

Introduction to Communication in Health Essay Example for Free

Introduction to Communication in Health Essay Outcome 1: Understand why communication is important in the work setting? †¢ People communicate to give and receive information i.e. Child A has eaten a piece of toast during snack time, as child A doesnt usually do this we informed the parents of the childs progress at the end of our preschool session. †¢ People also communicate to give and receive instructions e.g. Child A has a lactose intolerance and therefore can only have Soya milk at snack times ,It is therefore vital that all staff follow these instructions. †¢ People also communicate to express any needs that they have in our preschool setting we have all weather outdoor play time so it is essential that all children have a suitable outdoor coat hat, gloves and Wellington boots. 2. Explain how effective communication affects all aspects of own work? See more: how to start an essay †¢ Being able to communicate with all individuals within our preschool setting helps to build a good foundation and understanding between us. Giving information in a clear manner that is understood by the recipient to ensure that the information is received in the right way, also taking the time to listen to other peoples points of view and concerns, And ensuring that we meet any needs or concerns that these partys may have. †¢ For children this means always talking to them at there level giving good eye contact and re-assuring facial expressions and body language. Giving them enough time to listen and process things that you say or ask of them and giving adequate time for a response, whenever appropriate using  positive tones to your voice. †¢ For parents using all available communication methods, from face to face communication, to telephone conversations or writing in the childs home school book. Using first names where ever possible and listening to and respecting the views of the parent/carer. Always re-assuring a parent that our first priority will always be there child. †¢ For our colleagues always have conversations in appropriate places, Give eye contact and correct body language also listen and be respectful of other peoples point of views and opinions. †¢ In our preschool setting we have many bilingual children and as English isnt there first language we use many different techniques to ensure they can understand what we are saying or asking them to do. During our snack time we count in all the childrens first languages, Chinese and Malayalam and use both pictures and hand signs to help the Children understand. Child A was doing an animal puzzle and showed me a pig piece I said Thats a pig and made the noise oink, oink whilst making a snout with My hand at my nose. 3. Explain why it is important to observe an individuals reaction When communicating with them? †¢ It is important to watch how people react to see how they are feeling and whether they understand the conversation or instructions you are giving to them. You can see if a person is comfortable by there body language, facial, Expressions and tone of there voice. We must use these skills to read both adults and children alike. Also taking in to account that different expressions can have different meanings in other cultures.

Advertising Essays -- business Marketing Advertisisng Essays

Advertising Works Cited Missing "Advertising has developed and supported great industries, bulwarked-"or increased- "entire economies, and changed a sufficient number of human habits" (Wood 3). Like that paragraph says, advertising affects people in what they do and how they do it. It has affected the Kleenex company, the Nylon manufacturers and a company of a new type of car, the Tucker Corporation, from the 1940’s. Advertising has changed due to these people by their ways of making people notice their product. Preston Tucker advertised his new car early, and received many replies on what the car was about; the Nylon company advertised a day in which their product would start selling and the country ran out of stockings to sell; and the Kleenex company used advertising to decide which of two products they should sell. Advertising has different effects on consumers, it changes their perspective on what is, or is not, worth buying; what they buy, when they buy it and how much are bought. Advertising "symboliz es and concentrates in its image all that is considered good and bad in present day commercial and industrial capitalism in America." (Bensman 9). When advertisers plan their strategies for the sale of a certain product, they look at who would use the item. If the product was make-up, the type of person that would use it would most likely be a woman, around the age of thirteen and up. The advertisers would then find an ideal looking woman to model for ads to show the makeup on a person and try to get women to use it. The way that the advertisers describe the model will also get your attention; they might say that she is not really beautiful until she puts on the makeup, or something along those lines. Advertising is an effective method of public relations communication for several reasons. It is economical, making it possible to carry out a public relations message to a large number of readers at a relatively low cost per reader. It can be highly selective and concentrated on a particular segment of the public such as stockholders, suppliers, or opinion leaders. Intensive community coverage may be secured through the use of loc al newspapers, radio, or television advertising. Which will provide enough space to tell a complete story and inform and educate people. The advertiser can control the timing and space given a public relations message by buyin... ...sumer might think twice about the item; though, these days no one really cares who makes the product, just as long as it works. "Three functions of the communication process are to inform, influence, and convince the public. Advertising performs these same functions." (Emery, Ault, Agee 18). What people were looking for in the advertising agencies were the head up over the other products that were out in the market that was similar to what they were trying to sell, so they would see if they could change there product in some way to make it easier to sell. "...if such improvements would give one brand of beverage an advertising or marketing advantage over its competitors, that would be a change worth considering." (Petroski 207). In conclusion, the advertisements of today are far more different, with the computer technologies, it is becoming more and more expensive to get things advertised. Television and radio are more expensive these days. With the different variations of popular products people will just get the cheaper product. Getting your product on the market is not as important as getting it there the cheapest as possible, because people are just looking for bargains. Advertising Essays -- business Marketing Advertisisng Essays Advertising Works Cited Missing "Advertising has developed and supported great industries, bulwarked-"or increased- "entire economies, and changed a sufficient number of human habits" (Wood 3). Like that paragraph says, advertising affects people in what they do and how they do it. It has affected the Kleenex company, the Nylon manufacturers and a company of a new type of car, the Tucker Corporation, from the 1940’s. Advertising has changed due to these people by their ways of making people notice their product. Preston Tucker advertised his new car early, and received many replies on what the car was about; the Nylon company advertised a day in which their product would start selling and the country ran out of stockings to sell; and the Kleenex company used advertising to decide which of two products they should sell. Advertising has different effects on consumers, it changes their perspective on what is, or is not, worth buying; what they buy, when they buy it and how much are bought. Advertising "symboliz es and concentrates in its image all that is considered good and bad in present day commercial and industrial capitalism in America." (Bensman 9). When advertisers plan their strategies for the sale of a certain product, they look at who would use the item. If the product was make-up, the type of person that would use it would most likely be a woman, around the age of thirteen and up. The advertisers would then find an ideal looking woman to model for ads to show the makeup on a person and try to get women to use it. The way that the advertisers describe the model will also get your attention; they might say that she is not really beautiful until she puts on the makeup, or something along those lines. Advertising is an effective method of public relations communication for several reasons. It is economical, making it possible to carry out a public relations message to a large number of readers at a relatively low cost per reader. It can be highly selective and concentrated on a particular segment of the public such as stockholders, suppliers, or opinion leaders. Intensive community coverage may be secured through the use of loc al newspapers, radio, or television advertising. Which will provide enough space to tell a complete story and inform and educate people. The advertiser can control the timing and space given a public relations message by buyin... ...sumer might think twice about the item; though, these days no one really cares who makes the product, just as long as it works. "Three functions of the communication process are to inform, influence, and convince the public. Advertising performs these same functions." (Emery, Ault, Agee 18). What people were looking for in the advertising agencies were the head up over the other products that were out in the market that was similar to what they were trying to sell, so they would see if they could change there product in some way to make it easier to sell. "...if such improvements would give one brand of beverage an advertising or marketing advantage over its competitors, that would be a change worth considering." (Petroski 207). In conclusion, the advertisements of today are far more different, with the computer technologies, it is becoming more and more expensive to get things advertised. Television and radio are more expensive these days. With the different variations of popular products people will just get the cheaper product. Getting your product on the market is not as important as getting it there the cheapest as possible, because people are just looking for bargains.

Funds for the arts Essay

In a world that thrives on science, the neglect of the arts is somewhat uncommon. What is baffling though is that the arts could have societal contributions as well. Some would find it hard to agree especially when some of the people had been driven to think that the scientific breakthroughs would be sufficient enough for their existence. Governments would readily shed some funds for the scientific pursuits but were reluctant to shell out some for the arts. It is in my belief then that the artistic pursuit should be recognized as important. But if the government were to just shell out some funds for the arts that would reflect the majority of the people then this should be thought twice. The diversity in people would be reason enough for the government to rethink their position. This diversity would not help in pinpointing what the majority really wants. Besides, it was said that the government funding could lead the arts to become passive (Radbourn). If people were to focus more on the majority then the artistic input would not be an artistic input at all but an input for the government’s satisfaction. The government should fund the arts but they should not give out rigid demands that only the voice of the majority would be reflected. Funding the arts could have considerable outcomes. Arts could affect the educational system since it would help learning become more interesting, it could also preserve the culture, it could have economic benefits (arts plus industry), and many more (â€Å"Arts Funding†). The rigid demand for the majority then could not help portray other ideas that may become essential and/or helpful in the near future. It would seem that funding the arts with such rigid demand for reflecting only the majority of the people would mean that the hidden motives are for the profit that the art would bring. Most artists frown upon those who would use their creativity and label it art for the benefit of the fame and money that they will receive. In fact, it will only be an exhaustive task where its sincerity is highly questionable. Works Cited â€Å"Arts Funding†. 2002. August 22 2007. . Radbourn, Jennifer. â€Å"How Government Funding of the Arts Kills Leadership and Creativity†. August 22 2007. .

Noir of Chinatown Essay

Film noir is generally associated with a ‘dark’ type of film in the era following WWII. Film’s that are categorized in this genre are marked by a style that generally contains certain distinguishing elements – dark rooms with Venetian blinds, dark alleys, rain-slicked streets, dark offices and low key lighting. The plot usually deals with the dark aspects of humanity-greed, murder, deceit and paranoia. There are also distinguishing characters, the main character a detective or an investigator usually portrayed as a loner; a beautiful sensual femme-fatale who will use and eventually destroy the main character seducing him into crime. Although classic film noir generally is in reference to a style of film from the 40’s and 50’s, film noir form and style can be found in some contemporary films. One of those being Roman Polanski’s Chinatown. Although Chinatown breaks certain rules of film noir – it was filmed in 1974 and is in COLOR (black and white film is a traditional element of Film Noir) it models itself with formal elements of Film Noir genre including the sexy femme-fatale (with a twist), a protagonist main character seeking truth, and the plot laced with deceit, murder and greed. The film uses many shadows and dark and light contrasts. The low key soft lighting keeps the scenes dark and gloomy and projects the air of suspense. The viewer is told the story through the central character, Gittes, a hard-nosed detective in 1930’s LA, after he takes a case investigating adultery gets caught up in the middle of murder, lies and conspiracy- entangled into the dark side of humanity. When he meets the ‘real’ Evelyn, who comes across as mysterious, sensual and troubled, Gittes falls further into this web of corruption and complication as well as falling for Evelyn. The films keep the rhythm and pace slow seducing the viewer deep into the story. As in classic film noir Chinatown has a confrontational ending but with Chinatown there are surprising twists. We find the femme fatale has been a victim and is again a victim as she is shot. Gittes revelation that he has been wrong about Evelyn’s deceit also loses ending up with nothing. He loses the girl, and the crimes go unpunished. As the movie referenced

The Best Resources for Landing Your Retail Job

The Best Resources for Landing Your Retail Job If you’ve worked in retail before, you know that it’s not a job for the faint of heart. It can mean long hours of doing physical tasks, keeping a smile on your face when you’d rather be rolling your eyes, and- perhaps the most daunting piece of all- dealing with the public. If you haven’t worked in retail before, spoiler alert: it’s not going to be sunshine and roses every day. But if you have great customer service skills, need flexible hours, or want to gain experience as you work toward other goals, it can be a great fit for the short- or long-term. If you’re up to this challenge, we’ve got what you need to get started- or get to the next level. Step 1: Revamp Your ResumeIf you’re familiar with how we roll here at The Job Network, this one should not come as a surprise. A badass resume is the starting point for every job search in every field. Even if you’re referred for the job by someone you know, you still need to m ake a great first impression on anyone who hasn’t met you before, at a minimum. And your resume gives your friend some quick talking points that act as ammo when they’re advocating for you to get the gig. An updated resume is essential.How to Write a Perfect Retail Resume (Examples Included)How to Write a Perfect Cashier Resume (Examples Included)How to Write a Perfect Sales Associate Resume (Examples Included)How to Create a Perfect Retail ResumeThe Ultimate 6 Step Guide to Resume WritingResume Headlines to Use for Different Jobs6 Ways to Make ATS Work in Your FavorResume Format Guide: What Your Resume Should Look Like in 2017Top Resume Trends for 20176 Job Skills You Need to Be a Sales AssociateDownload Resume TemplatesIt’s best to revamp your resume before you even start thinking about applying for jobs. This can keep you from making easy mistakes due to rushing, and lets you get a good baseline resume that you can use to adapt easily for each job application or opportunity.Step 2: Target Your Job SearchIf you want to start with a general geographic area or any type of stores, then a general search can be a great first step. It’s important to know what you’re looking for, to help focus your job hunt. If you need a starting point, we have plenty of recommendations that can help you find the type of retail job that works best for you.10 Summer Jobs- and How to Get ThemBest Jobs in Retail- and How to Get ThemTop 5 Less Crowded Sites to Look For Retail Jobs10 of the Best Jobs in Retail NationwideA Comprehensive Guide to Getting Different Types of Retail Jobs7 Places to Look for Part-Time JobsStep 3: Get Ready for the InterviewIn the retail world, hiring can move fast, so to paraphrase Ferris Bueller, if you aren’t ready for it, it can pass you by. You can start prepping for interviews before you even have one on the books.5 Questions to Expect in a Retail InterviewThe Most Popular Macy’s Interview QuestionsHow to Survive Your Upcoming Panel InterviewHow to Look Like a Star in Any Job InterviewHow to Answer the â€Å"What’s Your Biggest Weakness?† Question10 Things You Should Not Say in an Interview7 Real Life Interview Mistakes You Can Learn FromImpress Your Interviewer in 5 Simple Steps to Get the JobStep 4: Think About Your Career GoalsA job in retail might be your calling, or it might be just one step along your long career path. Whatever the case may be, it’s important to think about how you can a) be prepared for this job, and b) make it work for your future.How to Move Up the Retail Career Ladder Without CollegeWhat You Need to Know to Succeed in the Retail Industry5 Great Career Paths You Can Take If You’re Working in RetailWhether it’s your dream job or your right-now job, getting a job in retail is a challenge to be faced with as much ammo as you have at your disposal. If you’re ready to get started in this field, good luck!

Macbeth, Internal Conflicts essays

Macbeth, Internal Conflicts essays Everyday people deal with conflicts with their peers. In the play Macbeth there are both examples of external and internal conflicts. Three main conflicts were when Lady Macbeth pressured Macbeth into murdering Duncan, after Macbeth murdered Duncan and also after he murdered Banquo. An external conflict in the play was when Macbeth had decided he no longer wished to murder Duncan as seen in Act I sc. 7 ln 35, We will proceed no further in this business, following this statement, Lady Macbeth became irritated with her husband and proceeded to attack his manhood by saying, ...wouldst thou have that which thou esteemst the ornament of life and live a coward in thine own esteem... (Act I sc. 7 lns 46-48). She then went on to say in lines 56-58, ...when you durst do it, then you were a man and to be more than what you were, you would be so much more the man.... The resolution of this conflict was Macbeth trying to prove his manhood to his wife and therefore killed Duncan. An internal conflict that raged within Macbeth occurred after he murdered Duncan. He was so distraught and guilt-stricken that he began to hear voices and felt he could not be forgiven. This scene takes place in Act II scene ii lines 51-52, Me thought I heard a voice cry Sleep no more! Macbeth does murder sleep the innocent sleep... and lines 40-44 one cried God bless us! and Amen! the other, as they had seen me with these hangmans hands, listning their fear. I could not say amen! When they did say God bless us! Another internal conflict within Macbeth occurred after he had Banquo murdered. This is shown in Act III scene iiii lines 116-120. Avaunt, and quit my sight! Let the earth hide thee! Thy bones are marrowless, thy blood is cold; thou hast no speculation in those eyes which thou dost glare with!...

Retail marketing of apple lnc Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 9000 words

Retail marketing of apple lnc - Dissertation Example †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 9 2.1. Company Profile †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦... 10 2.1.1. Market-Share Analysis †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 11 Chapter- 3 - LITERATURE REVIEW †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 13 3.1. Company-Owned retail marketing †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 13 3.1.1. Marketing mix and Company’s own retailing†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 14 3.2. Retail marketing / Own-store marketing strategy of Apple Inc†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 16 3.2.1. Rationale †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 17 3.2.2. What was pr edicted about Apple-stores? †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 18 3.2.3. Apple’s experience of unique success with Retail-mark†¦. 19 3.2.4. Apple’s retail-store design†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 21 3.2.5. Delivering Values to the customers †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦... 24 Chapter- 4 - THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 26 AND RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 4.1. Introduction †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 26 4.2. Explanatory Research†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 26 4.3. Research Process †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 27 4.3.1. Observation †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 27 4.3.2. Data Gathering †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 28 4.3.3. ... 30 5.2.1. Apple’s retail marketing for Customer-Focus†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 31 5.2.2. Apple’s retail marketing for Brand-loyalty †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 32 5.2.3. Apple’s Retail stores for relationship marketing†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 34 5.2.4. Retail marketing for Competitive advantages†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 34 5.3. Synthesis and Evaluation†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 35 5.4 . Five Forces Analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 37 5.5. Major findings of the research †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 38 Chapter- 6 - CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 41 6.1. Evaluative Conclusion †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢ € ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 41 6.2. Recommendation †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 42 6.3. Suggestion for future research †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 42 REFERENCES †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 43 Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION Apple Inc, established by Steve Jobs, Ronald Wayne and Steve Wozniak in early 1970s, has become one of the most influential and successful companies in today’s computer and mobile technology. Apple’s history goes back to one-off hobby machines that a very talented electronic wiz made for himself and that has become the core of the most successful companies of all times (O'Grady 2008, p. 1). Though its past 30 years of market ing strategies were full of highs and lows as normally anticipated of a highly technology and innovative company, Apple’s business and marketing success remained far positive despite the challenges it faced. It has been gradually growing to be a Fortune 500 and a multi-billionaire company being able to impact the social, cultural and economic spheres of

Information Systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 2

Information Systems - Essay Example In spite of maintaining a high performance on the business parameters, Comair was simply grounded for a full 3 days during the peak holiday season because it faced a highly damaging IT risk issue on December 24, 2004, when the company’s Information system for managing the scheduling of the crew and flights crashed. It is impossible for an airline to fly when its mission critical crew scheduling system fails. In case of Comair, this IT failure resulted in a loss of approx $20 million which was actually wiping out it previous quarter earning of $25.7 million. This report is a study in the Comair Information systems and highlights the gaps between the IT strategy and business strategy. The report also attempts to suggest an information system which can take care of the gaps between business and IT strategy so that such failures as mentioned above are prevented as much as possible as well as identifies the people, technology and organization issues which Comair must take into account before building a resilient information system. Comair information system was purchased from SBS international in the year 1986 after union and federal regulations forced Comair to meet higher standards in its management procedures. To comply with the regulations, Comair leased software from SBS International to track & schedule its flight crews. The system worked admirably and was a welcome relief for the staff who were managing the schedule using the pen & paper until then. As the business started growing, Comair felt a need to upgrade its information system as the existing system was written in FORTRAN for which there was no in-house expertise available. Moreover it was the only system using old IBM AIX platform compared to current HP UNIX. Following table lists down the milestones in Comair’s IT journey until Dec 24, 2004 against their business strategy. As can be clearly seen from the comparative

Health care marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Health care marketing - Essay Example It should finally carry out promotion incentives to avail their customers with the necessary information concerning their goods (Hoffmann, 2008). Therefore, the four P’s of marketing can  be said to consist of promotions, prices, products and place. These variables are vital for businesses that may wish to define their marketing strategies and pursue their desired sales levels (Hoffmann, 2008). The Evanston hospital indulges in the provision of services and plans within the health care department. Their range of products has changed in the past thirty to forty years from the provision of simple medical procedures and orthotic devices meant to correct physical disabilities (Peterson, 2008). However, the hospital is currently into providing modern services in addition to the traditional products that include contracted emergencies physician organizations that run their emergency rooms, group purchasing contracts and consulting services found on the web (Habiyaremye, 2011). ... ent challenges that these products are supposed to go through as they pass the different stages that may be found within their life-cycles (Peterson, 2008). The product mix is also another important aspect of the hospital’s product that should be put into consideration. The expansion of the current product mix being utilized by the hospital’s management can be carried out by augmenting a certain product’s depth or their product lines (Hoffmann, 2008). The hospital’s marketers should consider how they will position their products or configure their product mixes to enable their products complement each other (Habiyaremye, 2011). In view of the hospital’s product, the marketers should consider the most appropriate development strategies that should be used (Peterson, 2008). Price is described as what the customers to a business may be willing to pay for their services or products (Habiyaremye, 2011). In other words, when the hospital provides either a service or a product to its customer, then he or she is supposed to pay a certain amount referred to as the price (Peterson, 2008). However, the issues of pricing have become major concerns for various marketing strategies in the health care sector as its environment changes (Hoffmann, 2008). According to previous reports there are several factors that contribute to the role played by the pricing variables in the development of a marketing strategy (Peterson, 2008). For instance, the rising costs for health care services have created a major concern for many businesses in the profession (Hoffmann, 2008). These reports additionally state that the costs of providing health care previously rose by 5.8% in the US, 6.8% in the UK, 7.1% in Greece and 9.6% in a country like South Korea (Habiyaremye, 2011). These

Business game Essay Example for Free

Business game Essay Reflection on Personal Performance in Business Strategy Game Business strategy games involving management process before confirming the decision to be made. Lesson learned taken from the business game, from the process and the content from the case (industry and situation condition of the business). Management Process Planning was the first process taken. Reading and understanding the relevant information was necessary and plays a significant role in planning process. Expectation was established in the planning, and followed stepping process until all aspects have been determined, including all distinctiveness in production (capacity, model, etc. ), transportation (shipping), labor, etc. Planning is critical, and it was indicated in the business strategy games, in which it required quite some time to achieve an agreement. Time was also a factor should be considered, and it drove the discussion on the planning to obtain the agreement. Organizing was also needed in the game to obtain optimal process. One opinion was listened and it organized the discussion and the direction of the process toward certain strategy. Other opinion was taking in to consideration, whether support or as devil advocacy to the strategy. The process also managed by organizing the flow of discussion to center on the strategy with already decided to be focused on. One person plays role as organizer at one time became a source person or follower in the other time. This approach of organizing made the progress of the discussion in the one focal point that describes the strategy taken which leads to the decision. When a member played the role as organizer, then the member did directing the process and content according to the chosen strategy, and also can happened that the strategy can be changed according to the expected result and considering assumption of strategy of the competitors. Some times in the process, one or more member can have their drive going down. In this situation other member did motivated the team to keep up the winning spirit. Controlling was also involved in the process, by focus on one thing and sacrifices in other thing, align with the strategy. These four processes of management were implemented in the process of gaining the final decision and in determining the content to be made (such as production/manufacturing, shipping, labor, price, etc. ), in which the final decision was made by consensus. The experience in the game gives the learning point in practicing of implementing management process, planning, organizing, directing, and controlling. Within a given time, group should be able to do planning (including crafting the strategy, and establish the goal), organizing the process (including agreed on the road map of the process, listening and expressing opinion, and adjusting to the characteristics of the group), directing (including do and accept direction, motivating others, make or initiate decision), and controlling (to be aligned with strategy). Management Functions Strategy plays a critical role in the process, and aim to make the company have differentiation that creates competitive edge compare with the competitors. Decisions are determined align with the chosen strategy. Strategy such as increasing market share and or increasing price to obtain more profit, and or have a low cost production by moving the manufacturing to the low cost location, and or lowering the labor cost, and or increasing the quality of the product, etc. , were became the issues discussed during the process. Any decision made in the process should be linked to the strategy and eventually to the expected result (goal). Marketing management initiatives plays important role in the process. Attention was put in the advertising or promotion program. The decision on the initiatives was made in relation with other initiatives, and initiative should be congruence to be able to reach expected impact. Operations management was also applied, in order to have efficient and low cost production, to be able to lower the price, or put emphasizing in better quality of product and therefore adjust the price to a higher number. Having different locations of manufacturing was also part of consideration in operation management, including the days needed for shipping, and inventory level. Financial management was critical. At the end of the day, the success of the strategy, whether the plan was achieved of not, was determined by facts and figures which was analyzed and interpreted in terms of financial. The situation or condition of the company was considering of profitable, safe or potentially bankrupt, and whether the strategy was effective or not was determined from numbers including financial ratios. Production plan and realization, exchange rate, labor cost, product sold or unsold, inventory level, price, etc. were contributed to the financial condition, and will be analyzed further for determining next strategy (for next run). Human Resource was also had major role in the decision process. Number of labor involved, salary and incentives, were several factors considered in human resource function. During the discussion it was also considered incentive factors as the factor that can boost the motivation of the employees, in which can increase the productivity and eventually proportionally can lower the cost. Experience in the business games told that the management functions will be more effective if it was take into consideration in integrated way. The strategy made was comprise of many functions of management, Working in Teams Team work was a factor that can smooth the progress of the practice toward a productive way. At one time one member took the role as leader, and expressed the idea or opinion which regarded as reference that was supported or argued by other members. The leader than guide or direct the process toward obtaining acceptable or best solution. Other member played role as follower, tried to understand point of view of the leader, and gave opinion to enrich the information for having the decision. In one process it can happened that the role of leader was switch from one member to another member, and lead the discussion toward the decision. Working in team in the business games demonstrated by listening to other opinions or ideas and, gave contribution to the group by doing analysis and expressing constructive argument and idea or opinion to the group. In the process of making group decision, group tried to obtain consensus, with all group members support the decision. Experience and Lesson Taken to Working Place In leading unit in the working place, it is important to have clear goals for the unit, which are determined in the process of performance planning that usually take place at the beginning of the year. The goals comprises of organization (unit) objective, and individual objective which should be clear and measurable (refer to SMART Goals principle) and cascaded from top to bottom, means that the goals are aligned from executive or manager position to staff position. Having a clear goals or expectations will make all employees within the unit know exactly what are expected to be achieved and will make the monitoring of performance become more effective, and eventually it will make the evaluation of the achievement more effective. Leader should be able to define the goals, which reflected what the unit wants to be, particularly for the respective year. For the unit, strategy than decided to define what is the best way to achieve the goals or answering how to get there. Leader should be able to determine the strategy, which should consider of having different way of doing rather than just following the same thing. Strategy should have put into consideration opportunities and obstacles that can potentially will be faced along the year. For the unit performance, flow of work, service level agreement, number of employee, training and development program that will have impact to the quality of work, compensation practice, etc. should be considered in order to have effective strategy. Every people in the organization have potential, and leader should put effort to unleash the potential of the individual and support them to perform in their work. Many initiatives of improvement or programs come from the people in the unit that can give positive impact to the unit. Motivation is needed to keep the work spirit not fall to the lower level. Leader should do coaching to ensure people in the unit understand and on track, make sure that people move to the same direction with same strategy. Every function of management can be implemented to achieve optimum result. Managing the operation implemented to ensure effectiveness and efficiency of work. Human resource management will help in ensuring what unit do are align with the business. Financial management can be implement whether in business or support function, for instance to measure Return on Investment of certain initiatives. As member of management team, we should contribute in a positive way by giving opinion and ideas, or doing what has been decided productively. Discussion should be conducted in conducive way, listen what other people say and express opinion to reach to the decision. When decision has been made, member should follow and committed to perform the decision in effectively. Success of the unit is also determined by the competency, performance, and contribution of the members. To have an optimum result, member should be able to look the purpose as unit purpose not individual purpose. This principle can create synergy between members in the team and can contribute more to the performance of the team. The business strategy games provide inspiration that can be applied in the working situation. Having competitors that can affect the result of one group convey the message that in establishing standard, one unit should not look into inside factors, but should also consider outside factors. The capability of the unit can be seen differently and will lead to different goals and strategy. Strategy can be different if the external condition is supportive and indicates opportunity and will be different if the external conditions are not accommodating. Macro and micro analysis can be conducted to have a more comprehensive analysis for obtaining effective and right decision. Read more: http://www. ukessays. com/essays/business/reflection-on-personal-performance-in-business-strategy-game-business-essay. php#ixzz2leirR8KT BUSINESS SIMULATION GAMES INDIVIDUAL REFLECTION PAPER On 10 November 2010 afternoon, Our Can group get a chance to get the materials business simulation games, the first time we were a little confused and not understand what the content and intent or purpose of this program. Until then we get the opportunity to play an active role play in the game by forming a company in our Group Can. Listen Read phonetically Dictionary View detailed dictionary I am a member of cans group discussion 3, in this business game, we manage the company named CHAMP. We chose the name CHAMP for our company becouse we hopes that companies will become a leader or a winner in this Business Simulation Game. Growth of our company in this game very interesting and gave many valuable lessons. Our company was ranked second on the game in first year, after making changes in the manufacturing and marketing strategy; we became the first winner in the game in the second year. In the third year we make changes in the shipping, manufacturing also marketing strategy again to maintain its position as champion, but in the fact that our ranking dropped to be number 3. In the fourth year we wanted to get back into champions. We did totally change the strategy in all sections and mainly to increase product awareness, we contracted with many famous artists paid a high price for promotion. But the results we slumped to the lowest ranking (sixth). This surprised us and made us confused to find out where our biggest mistakes in managing the company. Listen Read phonetically Dictionary View detailed dictionary noun camp compound Did not want to continue to decline, in the fifth year we try to flash back to learn the success stories in the first and second year, besides that we also study the companys strategy of competitors, then we create a new strategy and the results we were able to ride into fourth place. In the sixth year we try to make small changes to strategy in several sections and the results we rose again to number three. In the seventh year we do not make changes to our strategy and stay at rank 3. After doing business game above, there are many valuable lessons that I get. Those lessons were: About Management Process (Planning, Organizing, Directing, Controlling) In managing a company as a manager or owner of a business we must have: a. Planing ? Both long-term planning and short term, this really helps us to determine the strategy or action we should do in the near future or the preparation for long-term corporate strategy. b. Organization ? Complete, clear and transparent as one of the supporters because of the companys people are assets of a company†, the placement of people with appropriate knowledge and skills that will facilitate the acceleration of the process as well as the operations of a company. It also must be supported by a clear Job Description and detail-enter the respective functions of the organization. c. Directing ? In the governance of a company also must be supported by rules or standard operating systems or procedures are clear and understood by all line employees. we often call with company regulations, standard operating procedures etc. d. Controlling ? As a manager or owner in a company we still have to implement controls on employee performance, corporate governance, corporate operating costs and market conditions that support the smooth and that we manage the companys growth periodically. We can also be done with checking Monthly Report / Balance Sheet , hold on monthly meetings, etc. Listen Read phonetically Dictionary View detailed dictionary adjective inside deep indoor internal interior profound inland intrinsic cavernous thoughtful three-dimensional adverb deeply sound preposition in within on to inside under in the course of prefix endo- 2. About Management Function (Strategy, Marketing, Operations, Finance, Human Resources, etc. ) Strategy ? Corporate strategy should be set appropriately by considering several factors, including supporters of human capital, finance, market share and also that there are competitors in the same type of business with our company. In the governance of a business may take a few strategies such as for launching a new product needs some backup strategy, it is necessary whenever the initial strategy does not show results in maximum then we still have some alternative backup strategy, so it does not require a long time to take any action appropriate in market penetration. Marketing ? According to my opinion, the success rate of a company also backed with the full functionality of the marketing is true both in the company engaged in the services or products etc. Capable marketing, product master, around the existing market and marketing must knowing the strengths and weaknesses of competitors. Listen Operations ? Operational support from both system and service level aggrement factor in a process of corporate governance is very important. It also needs to be supported with the latest technology. Listen Read phonetically Dictionary View detailed dictionary verb hold conduct make organize provide establish arrange carry out throw take set up call launch institute stage put on bring about impose carry on incur exercise levy open put up effect float lay on negotiate afford touch off operate stage-manage generate phrase bring into being Finance ? A company can be said in good condition when to generate maximum profit. As a manager or the owners of a company we should be able to manage our capital versus operating costs required, the greater the profit earned by production costs that are not too large will show the healthy of a business. However, we also must consider the placement of funds and financial governance of our company, whether already in accordance with the budgeting or is not appropriate. In terms of business expansion or major factor that should we consider is the condition of our corporate finance, whether supportive or not, when lack of support but the potential or opportunities that we have a large, one financial source of our business is on loan from the Bank with a source of return and specific timeframe. Human Resources ? In addition to the above factors one important thing to note is that inadequate human resources that are reliable and have the skills to suit the needs of the company. A competent leader should be able to determine the amount of labor requirements and can put the right people-enter the respective divisions within an organization. 3. About Working In Teams To work as a reliable teamwork are some things we have to consider include: Get familiar with either all members of the team, it is useful to the division of tasks and towards solving problems that arise. We must be willing to hear opinions of all members of the team in making changes in strategy or action for operasinal company. Explore more information and opinion that reliable and resonable with the case or problem that we should solving as a good team work, eq. Browsing some data from internet or from any sourches. Putting the right people on the job or responsibilities in accordance with the characteristics of our team members are. Based on the experiences and lessons I got from the business game I have done, I plan to apply some advantages in my workplace. As the leader of my unit : A leader should have strong leadership and enough skills to manage the organization and the company. Planning, directing (also mentoring or choaching program) and controlling periodicly to all of my sub ordinate. Delegate some responsibilities to the deputy business with a fixed control function properly . Sharing knowledge to all sub-ordinate, sub-branch manager and exploring new knowledge, new technology and strategy for the success of Bank Mega Cluster Balikpapan Special Hire employee from another Bank (Manager or Marketing) to help me manage the company and make the vision 1000 of Bank Mega become reality (become the leader bank in Balikpapan – East Kalimantan Indonesia) As a member of my management team : Being more creative, proactive and always have new ideas to supporting the management team More details in targeting business opportunities and increase market share. Establishing a reliable team work with 2-way communication is effective and still value the opinions of other members of management team Read more: http://www. ukessays. com/essays/business/business-simulation-games-individual-reflection-paper-business-essay. php#ixzz2lej5YvdS REFLECTION PAPER – THE BUSINESS STRATEGY GAME About Management Processes From the Business Strategy Game, I learned that first important process for a company to determine its future business path was to set a strategic and realistic planning about what is the company goal, how long the goal will be achieved and how to achieve the goal among the competition. In setting the plan, company should define first what is their mission statement or strategic vision. This mission statement is a statement which indicates the purposes and activities of the company’s business/goals in brief, clear and focus words. Along with mission statement, company must clearly define its objectives quantitatively within certain period. From these quantitative objectives, company could set a realistic and attainable long term strategic planning to allocate budget and resources in the company. In strategic planning, company should define clearly its target market, financial objective and competitive position among the industry. This strategic planning will be the direction of the company in running its business. After setting the strategic planning, company should design an organization structure to manage the company effectively, by designating persons who will in charge in each roles and held responsibility in each area of the business in the company (marketing, finance, operation, sales and so on), especially the person who will be responsible as the leader of the company (as CEO). The role of CEO is very essential because he/she must lead company to the right direction in implementing company strategy to achieve company’s objectives. From the clear and effective organization structure, CEO and management will have clear legitimation and authority in directing all resources in the company to implement the company’s strategy. Finally, the company should closely and intensively controlling and monitoring the performance of the strategy during implementation to assess its progress against the pre-defined targets and ensure that all the company elements were doing their parts and responsibility in the right track. About Management Functions In a company, management should establish the right and important functions which will run the company operational activities, define what are the responsibilities of each functions and ensure that each functions performed in accordance with the company objectives. In order to give more value to the company in terms of profitability, management should work together to set a strategy in making company’s output (product or services) more competitive in the market by considering all aspects involved. As an example, to gain more profitability company could set pricing strategy to be higher or lower compare to market but before decided the price, company should consider other aspects such as costs, quality and resources needed in creation of the product or services. About Working in Teams In working as a team member in the company, it is very important to determine a clear designation about who will act as the leader and the follower. Because if there’s no clear designation, potentially will cause the resources in the company to move to the wrong direction and this will destruct company effort in achieving its objectives. As a leader, a person should show the ability to manage and to coach the entire team member to do their tasks properly, and he/she should has willingness to listen and appreciation to his/her followers insights at the same time. And as a follower, one should give respect to the leader and obey the leader decisions. But it is important too for the company to define what is the follower assignment and designation, because if it is not clearly defined, the follower couldn’t perform nor contributed optimally in attaining company’s objective process. What I plan to do in my work place from the experience and lessons I took from the BSG are : As the leader of my unit I will put more effort to be an effective and efficient leader of my unit and will put more awareness to all my team member that our jobs especially in designing the most efficient operational work flow in my company has essential impact in saving the company budget and optimizing company resources which will contributed in achieving the company’s objective especially in financial aspect and giving more value to the customer and shareholder. And furthermore I will spend more time and effort to evaluate designation and job description for each member of my team, to put the right person to the right job and responsibility. If the designation and job description were not fit or not clear to the team member, it will impact to the performance of the working unit itself because each team member do not know exactly what is their role in their working unit. As a member of my management team I will put more consideration and attention about financial impact of any decision that my management made. From the BSG, I see that all activities in each working unit must be contributed and affected to the company strategic planning especially in achieving financial goals. And I will put more respect to any member and any decision of my management team made, even though sometimes the decision seems to be hard to be implement, I will try to see it from wider perspective that the decision must be made deliberately and considered many important aspects which ending is to give more value for the company.